Myk adzias axytxytbjy - 01

Aphsny attsaaradyrraka rakademia
D. I. Glia ixdz zxu aphsuattsaarat
institut

Akademiya nauk abxazii
Abxazskiy institut gumanitarnyx
issledovaniy im. D.I. Gulia

Ruslan Kapba

Myk adzias
axytxytbjy
Aphsua literatura iazku
artçiarat xatçsaxaka


a­­t­tsaa­radyrrat redaktor:
afilol.tts.rk. A. E. Aşba

Ruslan Kapba
Myk adzias axytxytbjy. Aphsua lite­
ra­tura iazku artçiarat xatçsaxaka/ D.I. Glia ixdz zxu
Aph­sua­­­t­tsaa­­rat institut.
Aqa: AUN «Akyphx aony», 2022. – 196 d.
G/r 978-5-111-46-09022
Aizga eidnakyloit eitsyrdyrua atsarauao, akritik, ali­
teraturattsaaoy, AAR hatyr zku adoktor, D. I. Glia ixdz
zxu Aphsny ahyntkarrat premia alaureat, Aphs­ny at­tsaa­
radyrra ztçaphsaztyz auszuoy Ruslan Kapba atsyx­tanti
aşykska rzy iaphitsaz astatiaka, ausum­ta­ka. Urt adu­
nei rbaxeit eiueiphşym aperiodikat ty­jymtaka rtçy,
araqa dara zeg eidkyloup eizgak aonutsqa.
Atyjymta rzyrxoup aliteraturattsaaotsa, aspi­rant­
tsa, astudenttsa, hmilatt literaturat phstazaara bzia
izbo zegy.

© Aphsuattsaarat institut, 2022
© Kapba R. X., 2022

Vsya jizn çeloveçestva posledovatelno osedalo v knige:
plemena, lyudi, gosudarstva
isçezali, a kniga ostavalas!
A. I. Gertsen

« Syrtçiarat
gahara
şsyxats isyxoit »
(Muşni Laşria ipoema tçyts
«Abştra» iazkny)

Systatia xys iastaz aphşajak aagoup soyza
ga­ka, Aphsni ui antytsi eitsyrdyrua, zyxdz
xara inaoxou Aphsny jlar rpoet, akademik Muşni
Taiia-ipha Laşria aaskadza Moskwa danyqaz iszioyz
aş­qy aqnyt. Urt ajaka, uaha akgy rytsumtsargy,
ir­hoit naxxidza aaxys aphxao zyrtçiamtakei
zyttsaamta­kei bzia irbo, irdyrua apoet, atsarauao,
aitagao qaza aphsabara gyk-phsykala iazyrazny
inataz ibaoxatra du aaphsara azymdyrdzo artçiarat,
attsaarat, aitagarat usurazy agaharat pafos
harak atsany işeilaşua, mşatçny iantsyrtsyz eiphş
axy şugalanarşo.
Itsabyrgytsqany, iphsabaratu abaoxatra djara
eilşarak, xysharak amamka as anarxa yqany, adou­
hat phsymçxara duny aqazaara zlaxyntsaxaz darban
rtçiaoyzaalak izyn inasyphup. Amala, abraqa ihamhar
auam, zeg zymçu ubri abaoxatra ssir ialşaz auaa ir­
bart, irahart iqaztso, ihaakyztso, şagas-zagas iamou esaairati ausura şaku. Aurys literatura ak­las­
sik L. N. Tolstoi abri aztsaarazy ihoit: «Trud, trud!
Kak ya çuvstvuyu sebya sçastlivym, kogda trujus!». Us
anakxa, abaoxatrei gakkylati ausurei eitsrymşo

eitsup, ixaibartaaueit, nasgy artçiaoy zda dxartam,
inarş zyrxio ak akny iqoup.
Muşni Laşria axanat eiphş, adouhat gahara
du atsany, irtçiarat usura tskar ratsala amtçxak tbaa­
ny, hazlagylou aphstazaarei naq ihaosny xara itsaxoui irxysua aproblemaka poeziat xatçsaxakany
itçatçadza itsyrigoit aphxao ignikylart, touryxtla
darxytsyrt, psixologiatla irtsabyrgny inyryrt
eiphş. As şaku ikkadza iaaboit hmilat hpoet du akyr
jaşyksa dşyrtysxougy, aphsua saxarkyrat literatura «axkaara» du aqny adjabaa gga şibaxougy,
ui ipoeziat ntsaxy – rtçiaoyk, ttsaaoyk iahasabala,
dantsyrtsyz aan aiphş, agalaqara bzia izto alaphş
xaa axup, dharakny dakup, aromantikat tsa axatsany,
eitarsşa iuhozar, ztymta itagylou arphyzbei aph­
hyzbei reiphş eidytçyrbaloit. Iara apoet ixata ixazy işihaz eiphş, artçiarat gahara şixats ixoit!..
Abri as şaku, uaha datçaky adzbax hamhadzargy,
iartsabyrgueit aaskadza M. Laşria inapy itsytsyz
ilirika-touryxt poema «Abştra»1Aphsabarag, saba­
tsag aait ui iblatç!..)
Işaabo eiphş, apoet hatyrla igalairşoit Ktol­
ti aphsabarei apoet iabatsei zyblatç iaaz asas dax du
ixdz, agaxara dugy irtoit, haxak eiphş htouryx
iazynijyz ajaka. Iiaşangy iqaitseit avtor ui
daxizaatgylo, izbanzar, umilat deiuamka, uara ub­
zyrdzy zho, egyrt ajlarka rax ueitazho auaoy esnag patu iktsany ixaphşlatup, iqaitsaz, iiuz abzia
uxaumyrştroup akultura atouryx işatu hasab azuny.
Ubri inavargylany, apoet igy inarxua ihoit Selezniov ixaanti Ktol akyta aphsabara phşdza axatçra
1
Ikyphxup aliteraturat gazet «Etsadjaa» (oktiabr-dekabr 2020), ajurnal «Aqa» (№4, 2020 ş.) rtçy.

şaphsaxyz, işytsdyrhyz. Iahxysyz XX aşyşyk­sa
aobati azbjaan (Asovet aamtazy) Djodjoxia zyj­­laz
abnaxşaaoy Ktol Çaçali, Djgarda Axtsei ahyn­
tkarra axdzala iphqany Kartqa, Jyrgytqa şyk­­sy­
la idykitsoz amatsaragy izakyt phxastaaz iqa­na­­
tsoz! Art atyphka rtçy tçyts indyrxaz rakzar, ala­mala
tsla şapyk iavsuamyzt, iaxyrtuan!.. Ari, haras
ia­taxuzei, apoet ixata ixaanti xtyskoup, ipo­e­
ziat tsahaka rykydzboit, dyrnyşom, iaxan­­dzagy
ixaai­goit.
Aphsuaa naxxidza aaxys irqazşoup iaxynxo raş­
ta-rgara, rykşa-mykşa iphşdzadza, itskadza, eil­fa­
ça iqazarts, aphşymagy sasgy agaxara rnatart,
ryblaka argyrgarat eiphş. Urt çydala raştaka
rtçy eitarhauan asimvolt tsaky zmaz atslaka, iah­
hap: axatsa, aratsla, amjatsla uha. Adzaxa anryq­
nyrtsozgy yqan.
Izxyshaaua, aphsabara aiçahara aztsaaragy akyr
iaz­tçlymhaup hzyxtsajo apoematçy. Abara matsara
akymka, personajk eiphş asaxa tyxup apoet iab da­
ny­çkynaz Çaçal abnaraxt itsxny, ixtyrpha ila­ha­
ny iaagany iaştatçy eiteihaz, iaxagy aphşdzara iago,
idjardjarua, atouryx xtyska jpaky irxaanny igy­lou
axatsa. Aiaşazy, axatsa iazku atsahaka uan­ryph­xo,
imoaşo iuboit apoet ui aşqa imou agybylra du,
iab iphstazaara iadhalou axtyska iatsy iqa­zalşa
gxaa­garak atsany işinyrua. Uimou, iara aph­xao­
gy izaaigany ixysueit, daztçlymhaxoit ui iamou
atou­ryx…
Abasqak şytsxougy apoet esaaira igy itsxoit,
enag ixuxuua itsroup iab iqamzaara. Alada iaagou
atsahakagy us şaku aup irho:

Art lounyt iaaua apoeziat tsahaka irhoit apoet iab iaşta tbaatçy eiteihaz axatsa abtynxak eiphş
dşaxaphşua, arinaxysgy igazyrhagaxa, iphşdzadza
igy­­lazarts igalaşara iabaqany, aphstazaaratç aus
bzia­ka ryxdzara akyr işaphsou irdyrgany.
Apoema «Abştra», aoada işazgastaxou eiphş, ia­
ra aitçartyşa aphsabara zlaqoui atematikei ryla
ua­xaphşuazar, uxatçy iaaumgarts zalşom ui şuar­
laşarlatu, datçakala iuhozar, aiua hlite­raturatçy
akym hantytsgy akyr işmaçu, atçyts tsa şaxubaaua.
Eilkaaup, «Abştra» axy inarkny atsyxanyndza
ia­gylsny itso, iaabo, ui afyrxatsa xada şiaku.
Aoym­tatç itsyrtsua, iqalo axtyska zegy (zny asiujet ialasany, datçaznyx asaxarkyrat oymtaka rtçy
işaphu eiphş, ineixga-aaixgany, aphxao aztçlymhara
ikyrt eiphş) ui drylaxny daarphşup, daaboit ixatç­
ra xataany, aşxa dzyx eiphş itskaz inxaorat phsta­
zaarat qazşaka zegy amany. Apoematç iaarphşu,
iahphylo iara dyzdyruaz rakyn, dzymbatsgy rgatçy

gaxarak nijueit, rybla daaxgyloit axanat aaxys
hatyr zku uaophsny, aphstazaara phsys iaxou xandeony.
Ari syxşaoztsara iatsystsoit datçakgy. Idyrup,
aoymtatçy iaabo afyrxatsa xada aphstazaaratçy iqaz
apoet iab Taiia Laşria şiaku. Ui inysymoa aup
apoema şatasi gytssi iamou. Axa aphxao bzia iibaz, izaaigany idikylaz abri auao ixatçsaxa, xsaalas iamou, «izyktyxu» auaoy iqny matsara iaagylom,
atçartsauloit, xatarak adunei ega amtçxak tbaazargy,
ahaaka iuzyrtakdzom, iglobaltxoit. Ui iaanagoit apoet ipoema «Abştra» afyrxatsa xada inysmoa
iala­gdzany dahirbeit, dahzaaigangy dqaitseit, nadj­
nat iaadyrua, ajlargy ahyntkarragy rug xanta
iatsou, esnag aidara zkyggo aphsua nxaoy. Haras
iataxuzei, apoema atsaky eihagy iarggoit, afyrxatsa
xada ixatçsaxa eihagy igyltaany iqanatsoit aphsua
nxaoy iphstazaara tbaatyts, inagdza-aagdza iaxanyphşua,
amilat qazşa axamou.
Ari as şaku argama ibartoup aoymta iaphxaz (djara
zeg zzeiphşu glymoyk iakymzar) darbanzaalakgy.
Aphsua nxaoy ijyt-itçat aazyrphşua aliteraturat
phstazaara zmou axatçsaxaka hpoeziatçgy, haprozatç­
gy akyr tsueit rtyph ylyrxijtei. Ui, jaharada,
uao dzeigyrgo faktup, datçakala iuhozar, hmilat
li­teratura asaxarkyrat oadzara şyharaku uzyrbo
akoup. Axa, apoema «Abştra» aty hhar, uaqa zsaxa tyxu, iaarphşu aphsua bzanxaoy ixatçsaxa atçytstsa axoup, asvoet aamtazy iaphtsaz ireiphşym, ixazup,
hzy­ştsylaxaz asotsialt pafos iatym, iqaz şyqaz
ala iaarphşup, itsyrgoup, abri alagy M. Laşria
şa­tça tçytsk, şatça ggak qaitsoit aiaşa-tsabyrg
atsyr­garatçy, haşqyootsa ryphşaaratçy datçakala
rxarphşrazy. Araqa asovet aamtazti amş datça laphş­
haak itsgoup, izlaqaz iatny, iazaaigany.

Sab, axatseitahao! Uaşta uahdzam,
Eitauhaz gyloup, uqoup, uphsdzam!
Baqak iahzaoyzoup, iggoup amaxtça!
Imçydoup atçaphxa afartyn baaphs, aphşa,
Amatsys asdzom, izgakoup Antsa...
Iaphup iara aşşyraqny unyhatça!
Inujyz poemoup, itsajoit atçtça!..
Abar ui asaxa xzyrkşo atsahakagy:
Suhoit sab ixatsa, snaskag uargy zny,
Snartsymoa uaknyha, sanyqamlo atçny.
Syxdzala, atsyxtan, irtsaj ubygka,
Bziala eibahhap, eimahxyp hnapka!..

Aoymta amtçxak tbaany, aphstazaara iatsatsaxu afi­
lo­sofiat xytsraka tsyrnago iqaztsaz apoet ixata
fyrxatsak iahasabala daxaaloi, axşyoztsara tsaulaka
zgylou axtyskei atsanyrrakei eiphyzşua, ihaa­
kyztso avtort xytsraka, avtort xatsraka roup
ha hhar, sgy iaanagoit agxa haxuam ha. Apoema
zlaou abyzşei aformei rty aoada ishaxou iryts­
tsany sazaatgylozar, aklassikat traditsia akononka
roup araqa xadara zua, axa abri aamtazgy ui atraditsia axarxaratç iuphyloit tsoa zmam aşygaka, ain­
tonatsiaka, aritmka – asaxarkyrat oymta aoyça­
gaka, aphstatsagaka – araqa M. Laşria ibaoxat­ra
baoxatra lyphşaaxup, eitsgatoup.
***
«Abştra» axtsajara inamadany iqastsoit xadara
zmou aixşala. Hajlar rzy, hliteraturazy imariamyz aamtaka raan hmilat poet iaphitseit haphsua poezia
axdz axara izyrgaz aepikat oymta xatraka: «Axty
uastsa», «Adjyndj», «Aşaetsa». Urt oeija nyzk tsa­
ha irzynaphşueit, aurysşax eitargeit abri aus atçy
Urystyla inareigu aqazatsa-eitagaotsa duka M.
Sinelnikov, N. Vanxanen. Ryxphagy tytsit haibaşra
aştax, Moskwa, ryxphagy irataşan Urys­tylati
apremia harakka: «Axty uastsazy» An. Delving ixdz
zxu apremia (2015), «Adjyndj» – eitsyr­dyrua ajurnal
«Naş Sovremennik» apremia (2018ş.), «Aşaetsa» – V.V.
Kojinov ixdz zxu apremia («Naş sovremennik», 2020).
Kreml axan xytstsaratç (2010 ş.). Urystyla Axada
iusphqala iataşaz Puşkin imedal akzar – M. Laş­
ria irtçiarat usura zeg (aitagarat gangy nalatsany)
iasimvolup, iharakdzou xşaroup, hgala­şara ialym­
tsua xtysup.

Aepikat oymtaka raphtsaratçy hpoet iqybao çyda,
iunikalt baoxatra iazkny N. Vanxanen ilyoueit:
«Muşni Lasuria – master krupno-masştabnoy poetiçeskoy formy. O kom seyças eto mojno skazat? V
Abxazii, v Rossii, v mire voobşe? Reşus utverjdat,
çto eto samo po sebe uje redkost, udivitelnoe literaturnoe yavlenie sovremennosti. Tri kolosalnyx poemy: «Zolotoe runo», «Otçizna», «Zvezda rassveta». I
eto v epoxu, kogda v modu voşli odnostişiya!..»
Ari aoyza axtys, as aiphş iqou axşara izahdzaryzei,
haphsua literatura atouryx ratsak iazymdyrko ireiuoup, ui aixdzara duka irtny iaanxoit iaxagy
uatsgy. Apremiaka reiura, rataşara, aşqyooy
iaşa izy ixykkym, tsqarakydphaaram, «igyrdagam»,
axa artçiaoy jlary irbo-irahaua urt ixtany, iatany
ianioua aamtazy ibaoxatra, ilagala ryxşaratç
vysşa zmam xtysxoit. Us iqan axanat, ajytdza aaxys, us iqoup iaxagy, ana-ara ega eilaxara, ega
madjanara hphylozargy. Iazgatatup art apremiaka
raiuraan haphsua poet oyşoyk, xyşoyk inareihany
egyrt apoettsa, aşqyootsa şivagylaz, ikyrgylaz
aoymtakagy xyts-xyts işryphxoz, akomissiaka
rlaxylatsa rgaanagaraka ajiuri harak anapxgarax işneiuaz, madzalati atstaphsara işaxysuaz…
Aja­kala, urt uaurysup, utatarup, ma uaphsyuoup ha
iratarşomyzt, ixadan artçiaoy ixatçra, haamtazti
asaxaja atçiara tçytsras ialeigalaz.
Aoada zydzbax shaxou, «Adjyndj» iazku istatiatçy
M. Laşria ibaoxatra harak daxtsajaua St. Kuniaev
ioueit:
«To, çto M. Lasuria prekrasnyy, istinnyy poet ne
menşego masştaba, nejeli osnovopolojniki abxazskoy poezii Dmitriy Gulia i Bagrat Şinkuba, ya znal

davno, poskolku my troe: ya, Anatoliy Peredreev i Fazil Iskander – pereveli pervuyu knigu Muşni «Smert
kanya», izdannuyu na russkom yazyke aj v 1971 godu, poçti
polveka tomu nazad! Ob etoy knige Vadim Kojinov v to
vremya napisal takie slova:
«Muşni ni odin god gotovilsya k etomu sobytiyu, on
stremilsya i sam postignut velikiy yazyk, poznat ego
poeziyu, prikosnutsya serdtsem k Puşkinu i Lermontovu. Russkaya poeziya obogotila abxazskogo poeta, reşitelnym obrazom povliyala na formirovanie ego mirovozreniya, stala velikim istoçnikom vdoxnoveniya,
prityagatelnym i neobxodimym». Vadim Kojinov vosxitilsya tem, çto Muşni Lasuria «genialno perevel na
abxazskiy yazyk «Evgeniya Onegina» i «Mtsyri…»
Araqa M. Laşria ilirikazy, ieitagamtaka rzy
ihou ak uzrymakua iqam. Urtgy, urt ryştax iaph­
tsougy aklassikat qazşa aarxaxeit. Dyrmit
Gliei, Bagrat Şynkbei, Muşni Laşriei rbao­xa­­
t­­ra­ka, rlagalaka reitçryphşra, reivargylara ak­zar,
ubrigy, sara stala haphsua literatura atçia­ra, iaxa
iamou aoadzaraka iryzhoup, us aiphş iqou aitçyr­phşra­
ka hliteraturattsaaratç, hakritikatç iuphy­­lako ireiuoup. Ialkaau haphsua baoxatraka axa­­nat dara rtyph,
rtouryxt tsaky rymoup. Dyrmit Glia iakzar, iahhap,
«Iliada» iatsnazgo ak aphutsa­rgy iara ityph ityphup,
iaxagy-uatsgy phsaxra, eitsak­ra akdzam. Ubas Bagrat
du iakzargy, ipoeziat oymtaka, itouryxt roman
«Atsyntsarax» rouma hpoe­ziei haprozei ryoadzaraka
irdyrgoup, ubas iagaan­xoit, hliteraturat janrka
rytçiara, reizha-zygara iatny. Egys, haras iata­
xuzei, iqoup darban rtçiaoyzaaalk iaamta ilnamyrşoilnarşo. Dyrmit Glia «Kamaçyç» anaphitsoz aamtazy
«Atsyntsarax» uzaph­tsomyzt, Bagrat iroman «Atçat uaa»

***
Aphxao gythaala, phsythaala aztsaara ykirgylar
qaloit: iabantaaigoi apoet abas aiphş iqou artçiarat
narxa, artçiarat gahara? Iarban xytsxyrtou urt
irymou, iarban mçy-lşarou hartçiaoy ixytsraka
zyr­­tsysua, igaguatsou aepikat oymtaka raph­tsa­
raxy iphxo? Imariam art aztsaaraka rtak aqatsara,
ryt­­tsaara: apoeziat oymta aişa, atsyrtsşa, ui
ama­dza axtatsaxu adzbax tsoa zmam agaanagaraka
azyr­kxeit, axa intkaatsqany atak adzgy izyqam­
tsatst, iqalarany ianyqougy eilkaam, sargy ui stça­­
zyskuam. Ak zatsyk iazgastarts istaxu: abri aus

aniuaz aşykska raan «Axty uastsa» ztsyrtsuamyzt,
«Adjyndji» «Aşaetsei» rakzar atsenzurat aamtaka
ryştax haphxao dyzzyphşyz ajan, us iagyqaleit.
Aphsua şqyootsa, apoettsa rtagylazaaşa uadao,
iznysuaz amoa xantaka iryzkny iajeinraalak atçy
(«Apoettsa», 2004 ş.) başa iouam hpoet:
Agylşap aamta iagylsit,
Ar irnymiaz dxatsa ggoup!..
Raadzab-moa iatsrasit,
Rtsaha ana-ara irggoup.
Urt iryphxo udjbaramxan,
Us umgylan amtsa arky,
Djara ak rytazarg ak rymxyn,
Ubri ailkaara utçazky!..

Araqa ihatyz zegy houp, kyphsyçharala eixşaloup, urt imariamyz aamtaka, aşykska rgyrak
irgylsyz jlar rpoet itsahaka ryla!

ztçazyzkua, ioagylo artçiaoy aja agybylra, amçalyphxa tsahtsahua igy-iphsy irtatsaxzar aup iaxa­
gy-uatsgy. «Zşoura xşaşaz ui dpoetym, aphş­ka
iphxydz aiphş naq dymoasueit» ihoit Bagrat du. Iatsi­
şueit datça tagylazaaşakgy: «Bjyk sahaueit uaj
saazkylaz!..». Abri abjy zmahaua, «zşoura xşa­
şaz» auaophsy artçiarat dunei datsyxraxoit, dei­
phx­boit. Al. Blok iznykymka iazgeitaxan esaaira
iahauaz aştybjka rydzbax, rnyrra. Iphstazaara da­
naltsşaz alamtalazy eiha- eiha ignigon urt aix­syg­
ra iaxalagaz, daxaanryjuaz.
M. Laşria 50 şyksa anixytsuaz aamtazy, 1987 ş.
azy, itytsit eiha ixartaau raphxati ipoeziat eizga «Ialkaau». Ui iatsu iaphxajatçy avtor akyr dazaa­
tgy­loit apoeziei iarei reizyqazaaşat, iphsta­zaaratç
ajeinraala iannakylo atyph. Raphxati iajein­
raa­laka antsyrtsuaz aşykska igalarşaua apoet
ioueit:
«Ubri aamta inarkny iaxa uajraandza iratsoup
snapy zlakyz, sgybylra, sybziabara zdystsaz, syg­
tyxei sxytsrakei zzyskyz axtyska, axa zeg ratskys
agaxara snaton, iphstazaaran ajeinraala iatyz
saamta, apoezia iadhalaz axytsraka!
…Ubri amş, ubri aamta inarkny ajeinraala ei­
ha-eiha satnatuan, sampytsanaxalon, aştybj syz­
gakan iqalon. Ui sxyn-isytsan, isytsgylon, isy­tsyş­
talon: zny aştybj aarla iaaouan, zny adzxyts­reiphş
syştnaphaauan, isyjlon – atskyrph rgei­srax sagon, zny tynç, aşşyratç saxtaz istçaxy­txytuan –
nasyphla ityz, mşynnyrts iqaz duneik ax isyphxon…
Amoadu atçykanti anyşyntratç itaadza iphşyz
atsaşy, axylphaz ioytsxaxaz amzatça, sgystçandzamka
ajoan ikydşaz aetsa, atsx-tstsa, aqauar zyrtsajoz

akarşaoy, xara amşyn idzaaloz amra, amştsga
aştax ikydloz atsqa, aaphyn atçyxara, adzyn ixiaala ileiuaz as-phala qaqaka, uaxa tsxybjon, atsx
ialyxxa iaaouaz aşa, ikaşa-kaşo ztçaazxoz atç­ka,
atçyryora duka, jlar reizaraka, raphxati abzia­
bara, aitsyxşaşara – zeg ajeinraalala akaka
rxyshaar, ak rylyshaar staxyn… Raphxadza akny,
1955 şyksazy, ajurnal «Alaşara» aobati ano­me­ratç
sajeinraala akyphxra – sara isyzdyram izdyskylara, sşaxtsajara: iaxandzagy isxamyştua, isxym­
phsaaua, syphstazaara ialymtsua xtysup»…
Abri agyblyraty, eixsygra zkym igahara­
ty tsahtsahua ianyphşueit iphstazaarat xykky,
itçiaramoa iryzkny 1995 şyksazy iaphtsou alirikat
şedevr, auasiat «Aphsua jeinraala». Ui hbyzşei
hpoe­ziei irxhaau gimnk iaoyzoup, urt ryqazaara,
lyph­xa rytara irnyhaphxydzup:

Malgy smyrhait, syşgarytsgy sgarup,
Uajti adjarmykag iszalam akgy.
Axa ishom: saxgylou dzy-ggaroup,
Saxgylou laşoup, ulaşaz stsahagy!
Iaxakym, iatsakym uaşta santala,
Usqan şyjyn, xylphazyndza stsaha.
Sutsup nadzadza, aphsua jeinraala,
Sanyqamgy sutsup, Dyrmit itsaha!..

Iabiphara iatsanakua apoettsa ryonutsqa, iaxyn­
dzazdyrua, M. Laşria zatsyk ioup aproza aora znapy alakymyz, apoezia matsara zyphstazaarou. Ira­tsoup
sara stala abri afakt amatsaragy ihanaho, atçyph­
sa­qarat moa anymlarazy, artçiaoy izyha xada-

ra zmou ajanr ilşaraka zegy azikrazy. Laşria
axa­nat abas aiphş iqaz amoa ylixit, datça phsytçrak,
gyo­barak, lakoakrak aaimyrphşit!.. 60-65 ş. ztsazkua
ui irtçiarat phstazaara zegy aphsua poezia artçiara,
at­gara, amtçxak artbaara, hantyts adzyrgara irzikit.
Abar, iahxysyz 2020 ş. azy, aamta katçk aonutsqala
(oba­­qa mzy!..), 83-84 ş. danyrtagylaz aamtazy. Ab izkny iahzaphitsaz, tçytsbarax hxazyrphşyz ipoema! Ui
iaphxaxou ma iaphxarany iqou irbartaxoit aphtsara
zaqa mçy-lşara, zaqa gahara haraky, zaqa phşaaragalaşara, zaqa eiphxxytsaara ataxyz!.. Artçiamta
rylgoup ajaşyksaka rphyşa, rnysymoa, apoeziat
saxaja agybylra du, phsratçnyndzati abziabara.
Haamtazti aduneit poezia atouryx atçy (Kavkaz, Urystyla, urt ryntyts) sadzykny isyzdyram,
isgalaşom abas aiphş iqou apatriarxt kra dta­
gylany, abas zymtçxak tbaau aepikat oymta qaimat
aphyztsaxou datçadz idzbax… Ari, izahdzaryzei, Ertsaxşla, Ertsax phaga axalara iaoyzoup, hpoezia akyş­
kyşraka ireiuoup, iharakdzoup. Imariam uax
anadzara, uati aharakyratç aqazaara! – apoet dantçazti
aşykska raan (1965 ş.) iaphitsaxaz iajaka ryla
iahhozar «Ertsax ikiaadzom aşats!..»
Laşria işitsaoats itsaoany iaanxoit apoeziat
«phsymtra», asaxaja azgyşra, azdzyşara, aideal
harak aioadzara, azxra, aphstsaha izxytsra, imakra,
adunei zaku attsaara, ailkaara, Aoyraphşa atçtsaara –
aitagara…
As aiphş iqou amtçxak, ablahaa, agybylraarphşra
artçiarat us znapy alaku zegy irqazşam, irtsaoam,
uao igydymdzalako ireiuoup, abaoxatra uaa enag
ui iargjajoit, iargateiueit, itçymtsaaua mtsany
irytsroup.

Haizydzyroyp zykrax ineixaz aurys poet-ageni
B. Pasternak:

Vo vsYom mne xoçetsya doyti
Do samoy suti.
V rabote, v poyskax puti,
V serdeçnoy smute.
Do suşnosti protekşix dney,
Do ix priçiny,
Do osnovanya, do korney,
Do serdtseviny.
VsYo vremya sxwatyvaya nit
Sudeb, sobytiy,
Jit, dumat, çuvstvovat, lyubit,
Sverşat otkrytya.

Sgaanagarala abas aiphş iqou atsahaka onutsqala
eihagy iaadyrtueit hzyxtsajo avtor irtçiarat
moa, idouhat dunei, aaphsara-tara zkym ibaoxatra
aharakra.
***
Abas akyr iratsoup apoema «Abştra» azy, ui avtor izy uao iihaşa. Izbanzar, asaxarkyrat oymta
iaşatsqa esnag iaxuhaaşa amtsadzom, itambadzo
atsy­xa dzyx iaoyzoup. Muşni Laşria iqyngy ui
ata­gylazaaşa aup iqou. Axa iahhaxou azyrxany,
akaph argylara hazxytsyp...
Egirax, harada, aaskadza hliteratura ialanaga­
laz aoymta du sara sydagy iaxtsajaşa, ityz­tsaa­
şa qalap. Ui us aganax işnymxo, işalkaaxo, aph­

xao­tsagy şazxaphşua agra zgoit. Nasgy, sara is­
tsagxazgy, ma us ialatçymtka insyjyzgy eiha
inartbaany iazgartap, iagu-iabzou ha akyr rbozargy iaxtsajap. Sara urt ratsak stçyrzysymkit, işdyru eiphş, gxa-phxak zmam oymta yqadzam. Sara istaxyn,
ubas sagnyqeit, aoymta lagala bziany, nasgy itçytsu
aky akny hlitertura işalanagalaz aty inalkaany
azgatara, avtor ibaoxatra du atgy sazaatgylany. Ui
şsylşaz, symç şakxaz rty aphxao iubartoup.
Systatia xsyrkşoit Moskwanti iaaoyz ajabj
bzia ala. Eitsyrdyrua aurys jurnal «Naş sovremen­nik»
aredaktsia irylanaheit 2020 şyksazti alaureat­
tsa rydzbax. Ajurnal adaqaka rtçy ikyphxyz ipoema «Aşaetsa» atsyphtsaxazy M. Laşria iataşaxeit
ieitsyrdyrua aurys kritik, atsarauao, atouryxooy
V. V. Kojinov ixdz zxu apremia. Ajurnal esyşyksa
iaşo apremiaka rybjara ui premia xadoup, iaalkaup. Ari, harada, akyr ztsazkua kulturat xtysup,
daara uao dzeigyrgaşa akoup, Muşni Laşria imatsara itsanakdzom, iahnarboit hmilat saxarkyrat literatura aizhazygara, ahatyr aştytsra işatçu, iaga
uadaoraka yqazargy ui amats azyzua, phxaqa izgo,
egyrt ajlarka rax idzyryzgo abaoxatra iaşa zmou
apoettsa, aşqyootsa şamou, rydzbax gadurala
işhalatu.
***
Atsyxtan, aoymta açydaraka syrzaatgylo, is­
haxou irytsystsoit oajak. Apoema «Abştra» tsaky­
lagy tekstlagy, işyshaxou aiphş, itçytsu ajoup,
itçytsu lagaloup avtor izgy, hpoeziazgy. Abri aam­
tazgy hpoet itçiaramoa, ioymtaka gynkylany iz­
mou aphxaotsa ana-ara rylaphş rykşar aueit Laş­

ria eiha dantçazti
i a ­j e i n r a a l a k a
rxyph­şakak,
rtsyph­
tsa­­xakak. Urt ratsam,
da­qakak roup, itsy­
r­goup xaz-xazy igou
atyphka iraarbny, ir­
tny. Apoettsa raph­
tsamtaka rtçy ari
aoyza
atçyrphştka
akyr­djara iuphyloit,
urt avtort tsita­ta­
koup, avtor itup,
iaph­tsamtoup, ara­qa ei­
ha­rak axarxa­ra rymoup ani-abi iryz­ku
atyphka rtçy, apoe­ma
(Taiia Kyblyx-ipha Laşria antsamtatç. As eiphş
iqou avtort tsita­
(1885-1970))
ta­­ka rxarxara apoet ioymtaka rtçy atyph ryman uaandzagy, iahhap,
ia­jein­raalou iroman «Adjyndj» aqny. Abas eiphş
iqou azneişaka irybzourany, sara sgaanagarala,
urt atyphka rqny apoet iaja eihagy itsaulaxeit,
ihaty, iaarphşty eiha datçakala atçartçytsit, isaxarkny iuhozar ajyt şei atçat şei eilateit,
eilaleit, iqaleit o-kraky reiphylara, rnapeibarkra, ryjoaxyr eiby­tara. Ryokrakgy ryphşma,
ravtor adz ioup – abao­xatrauao, alirikat, aepikat
oymtaka raphtsao qaza Muşni Laşria.
Saja nsyrtsoit apoema «Abştra» zlaxyrkşou
atsahaka ryla, urt izkup Ajlaqao-araşao, axan­
deioy, ari aphstazaaratç zda phsyxa yqam auaoy. «Abş­

tratç» ui apoema zegy daxatçroup, dagytsup, ideia xadas damoup:
O, ajla kahhy
Işaalats eiphş iaalaait,
Ibarakatny adunei zeg iaxdzaait!
Igatsaait!..

Myk adzias axytxytbjy…

Ab-ajlaqao ujla marymajaxaait,
Izzuqo rymoa şxatsamoaxaait,
Rymtsaxara – laşa-laşalaait!
2021 ş.

A

sovet Eidgyla ha zegy hazxytçxoz, gaduras
ihamaz Aphsadgyl du Gitlert faşizm tsgatsyphşxamşaryla ianakla, ui axçarazy, aga xym­
ga dphyxxaa iktsarazy milat eilyx qamtsaka, xats­
nmyrxa iatçagyleit Aphsadgyl axçaotsa. Urt irylagylany eibaşuan syphsy zlou syşxa kyta phşdza
Ara­sadzyx atseitsa gymşaka 180-oyk! Urt raxt
ryo­nyqa izxnymhit, Aphsadgyl rxy akyrtseit 109oyk. Nasgy ixaaugaşa, itaxaz reiharaodzak ataatsara
ia­lamlatsyz, zxy-zjy einyşşyloz, aphstazaara
axaatsa zxykkoz, zgamç ggaz, tetyphşla inagaz,
agyrtsqyl bzia zmaz atçar rabiphara iatyz rakyn.
Aphxao uxatsky, abyrjy abart atsahaka anyzyo­
ua aamtazy systol ikup xyx ishaz afakt zyrtsabyr­
gua, axajtsa zxalaxou, maşynakala ikyphxu, haph­
sadgyl du anşartaz ui axçarazy gyşphyla iaz­
gylaz, zxy akyztsaz Arasadzyxaa ryçkyntsa rsia
znu abgytska. Ui siteit akyrtua faşisttsa haz­la­
ryjyz aibaşra xlymdzaax qalaandza, Arasadzyx aky­
ta iiz, iaadzaz, zyphsadgyli zyjlari rybziabara
zda-zşa ialaz, imtsaxa izytsraz, abipharala iznyruaz,
izaam­tanymka zyphstazaara ialtsyz aibaşra aveteran Xyxyt Bganba. Ui Haphsadgyl du zxy akyztsazi,

eibgany zyonyqaka ixynhyzi Arasadzyxaa rdauaph­
şka iryzkny aşqy ioyrts amaterialka eizigon, ititsaauan. Jaharada, ari aus phşa mariamyzt,
auadaoraka atsyn: aky, rxataka ryqamzaara, nasgy dara iryzku, rydzbax zho amaterialka rmaç­
ra. Obagy, irxaanyzgy adzyroy ryphstazaara ial­
tsxeit. Axa zegy akoup, ui igy atskamyjka dyph­
şaauan, deimdon, ititsaauan. Eilkaaup, as ausura şly­
ts­şadamxoz. Axa Aphsny Adjyndjtylat eibaşra
ianalaga abdjar ikit, imç, idyrra zegy şeibakyz
iphsad­gyli ijlari ryxçara iazikit.
Xyxyt Bganba idzbax araqa iantsyryzgax, inyb­
jarşşa akzargy, iara izy ajakak rhara ata­x­
ny isyphxadzoit, systatia zyzkui iarei douhat phsym­­
çxarala iaxeizaaigou aqnyt.
Xyxt Şalika-ipha Bganba diit phxynçkyn
24, 1957 şyksazy Oçamçyra araion Arasadzyx aky­
tan zylamys yqaz, zaphsuara akan eiphş iharakny
izkyz, zçeidjyka xaaz anxao naga itaatsaratçy. Ui
itçia­ra aşykska inadyrkny aktivla ixy alair­
xuan aphsua jlar rmilat-xyphşymrat kphara, aky­
r­tua natsisttsa Aphsny imoaphyrgoz apolitika iatça­­
gylan ikphoz atseitsa gymşaka rygta dgylan
tçxakrak izymdyrdzo. Abjarat tsara danalga, Aso­vet
arramatsura anixiga, 1979 şyksazy dtaloit Aph­sny­
ti ahyntkarrat universitet abiologia-geo­gra­
fiat fakultet. Ui ktçiarala ianyxirkşa, aky­
raa­mta aus iuan S.Ç.Kapba ixdz zxu Arasadzyxti ab­
ja­­rat şkol atçy. Nas eiueiphşym atakphxykra ztsyz
ama­tsuraka rtçy aus iuxan. 1996-2004 şykska rzy
Aqa akalak Axadara aihaby ixatyphuaoys dyqan. Aph­
sny jlar Rdjyndjtylat eibaşraan Xyxyt Bgan­
ba Mragylarati Mrataşarati afrontka iqartsoz

ajylaraka drylaxyn, ianaşan Leon iorden, daph­
saxeit apolkovnik içyn. Iphsata şkakaxart, idu­­
nei iphsaxit 2012 şyksa mart 21 rzy. Iaxagy uaoy
ixaaigart iqoup ui igtaky anagdzaxa aximadzaz,
ikyta gaka jlaryk atseitsa doumyjxaka axa­
phxaz, itçiart, igatsarat, rkyta axdz-aphşa tyrgart
iaxyr­laxyntsaxaz. Iaxagy slymha itaoueit us­
qan abgytska ansitoz iihaz ajaka: «Ruslan, abart
auaa, – asia inapy nakkua, – Gitlert faşizm iar­
tsy­syz aibaşra iaxqany rlaxyntsaka kaş­dam­
xaz­tgy, ryxşyo, rymç, rdyrra rkyta amats aura
iazyr­kyrt atagylazaaşa rouztgy, iaxa h-Ara­
sadzyx axatçra uajy izlaqou atskys demografialagy sotsialt kulturalagy akyrdza eigxon. Hkyta
ga­ka iaphxaz atseitsa rlaxyntsaka sanryzxytsua,
iahhar ami aiaşa, ixu-xuua ixaany sgy itsaloit,
eihagy isnyrueit haazkylaz eiha-eiha iahxaştua
haxalagaz. Ubart iryzkny şqy xyçyk aora satçup,
iaxyndzasykmanşalaxo syzdyruam umhozar».
– Uiaşoup, Xyxyt, hkyta abasqak auaa aphymxazt­
gy, Arasadzyx iaxa zyndza datça xatçrak amazaaryn,
iaphxaz rxy-ryxşara eitsaooy iqazaaryn, axa iabaqou
aamta baaphsy adzyblara iara aty qanatsoit. Egirax,
unapy zlaukyz aus – urt, zyphsadgyl zxy akyztsaz
atseitsa rgalaşara iazku aşqy aora uaxatçu –
ihaku akoup, Antsa du uirmanşalaait! – sheit, ui iq­
nyt isahaz ajabj sgy iaxany.
– Ruslan, isyzoyr, uargy utsxyraara xymphada is­
tax­xoit, uszaphxar akxoit, – iheit ixy-itçy ikyz
aphş­dzara agykrei, auaoy igybylrei, arazrei argamadu irytsubaaua.
Abri aştax, xymz aatsuany, hajlar rtseitsa xa­
zynaka zegy reiphş, Xyxyt Bganba iphsadgyli ij­

lari ryxçarazy ikaşuaz amtsa koukad dnalagyleit.
Aşqy ioyrt aamta abaqaz, aqazaarei aqamzaarei
ryztsaaraka eidyggalany akphara du tson aphsua
jlar rtouryxt laxyntsazy.
Ui naxys Xyxyt Bganba Adjyndjtylat eibaş­
ra Dudzdza ialaxyz, zxy akyztsaz iryzkny dyztçyz aş­
qy adzbax iho smahait. Aibaşra aştax ui datçyn,
iagxirkşon, harada, axa iaalyrqany iphstazaara
daltsit, iadjal ixytstsakit, igaxty daxnamygdzeit.
Aphsadgyl du zxy akyztsaz 109-oyk Arasadzyxaa
rtseitsa adauaphşka dreiuoup 21 şyksa irtagylaz,
işyrho eiphş, iijşaz adzyx makana axy ytszym­