The Reign of Greed - 24

Total number of words is 4487
Total number of unique words is 1705
37.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
57.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
66.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
count upon the present and doubts the future, if you had seen what
I have, the miserable, the wretched, suffering unspeakable tortures
for crimes they have not committed, murdered to cover up the faults
and incapacity of others, poor fathers of families torn from their
homes to work to no purpose upon highways that are destroyed each day
and seem only to serve for sinking families into want. Ah, to suffer,
to work, is the will of God! Convince them that their murder is their
salvation, that their work is the prosperity of the home! To suffer,
to work! What God is that?"
"A very just God, Señor Simoun," replied the priest. "A God who
chastises our lack of faith, our vices, the little esteem in which
we hold dignity and the civic virtues. We tolerate vice, we make
ourselves its accomplices, at times we applaud it, and it is just,
very just that we suffer the consequences, that our children suffer
them. It is the God of liberty, Señor Simoun, who obliges us to
love it, by making the yoke heavy for us--a God of mercy, of equity,
who while He chastises us, betters us and only grants prosperity to
him who has merited it through his efforts. The school of suffering
tempers, the arena of combat strengthens the soul.
"I do not mean to say that our liberty will be secured at the sword's
point, for the sword plays but little part in modern affairs, but that
we must secure it by making ourselves worthy of it, by exalting the
intelligence and the dignity of the individual, by loving justice,
right, and greatness, even to the extent of dying for them,--and when
a people reaches that height God will provide a weapon, the idols
will be shattered, the tyranny will crumble like a house of cards
and liberty will shine out like the first dawn.
"Our ills we owe to ourselves alone, so let us blame no one. If Spain
should see that we were less complaisant with tyranny and more disposed
to struggle and suffer for our rights, Spain would be the first to
grant us liberty, because when the fruit of the womb reaches maturity
woe unto the mother who would stifle it! So, while the Filipino people
has not sufficient energy to proclaim, with head erect and bosom bared,
its rights to social life, and to guarantee it with its sacrifices,
with its own blood; while we see our countrymen in private life ashamed
within themselves, hear the voice of conscience roar in rebellion and
protest, yet in public life keep silence or even echo the words of
him who abuses them in order to mock the abused; while we see them
wrap themselves up in their egotism and with a forced smile praise
the most iniquitous actions, begging with their eyes a portion of
the booty--why grant them liberty? With Spain or without Spain they
would always be the same, and perhaps worse! Why independence, if the
slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow? And that they will
be such is not to be doubted, for he who submits to tyranny loves it.
"Señor Simoun, when our people is unprepared, when it enters the fight
through fraud and force, without a clear understanding of what it is
doing, the wisest attempts will fail, and better that they do fail,
since why commit the wife to the husband if he does not sufficiently
love her, if he is not ready to die for her?"
Padre Florentino felt the sick man catch and press his hand, so he
became silent, hoping that the other might speak, but he merely felt
a stronger pressure of the hand, heard a sigh, and then profound
silence reigned in the room. Only the sea, whose waves were rippled
by the night breeze, as though awaking from the heat of the day,
sent its hoarse roar, its eternal chant, as it rolled against the
jagged rocks. The moon, now free from the sun's rivalry, peacefully
commanded the sky, and the trees of the forest bent down toward one
another, telling their ancient legends in mysterious murmurs borne
on the wings of the wind.
The sick man said nothing, so Padre Florentino, deeply thoughtful,
murmured: "Where are the youth who will consecrate their golden hours,
their illusions, and their enthusiasm to the welfare of their native
land? Where are the youth who will generously pour out their blood to
wash away so much shame, so much crime, so much abomination? Pure and
spotless must the victim be that the sacrifice may be acceptable! Where
are you, youth, who will embody in yourselves the vigor of life that
has left our veins, the purity of ideas that has been contaminated
in our brains, the fire of enthusiasm that has been quenched in our
hearts? We await you, O youth! Come, for we await you!"
Feeling his eyes moisten he withdrew his hand from that of the sick
man, arose, and went to the window to gaze out upon the wide surface
of the sea. He was drawn from his meditation by gentle raps at the
door. It was the servant asking if he should bring a light.
When the priest returned to the sick man and looked at him in the
light of the lamp, motionless, his eyes closed, the hand that had
pressed his lying open and extended along the edge of the bed,
he thought for a moment that he was sleeping, but noticing that he
was not breathing touched him gently, and then realized that he was
dead. His body had already commenced to turn cold. The priest fell
upon his knees and prayed.
When he arose and contemplated the corpse, in whose features were
depicted the deepest grief, the tragedy of a whole wasted life which
he was carrying over there beyond death, the old man shuddered and
murmured, "God have mercy on those who turned him from the straight
path!"
While the servants summoned by him fell upon their knees and prayed
for the dead man, curious and bewildered as they gazed toward the
bed, reciting requiem after requiem, Padre Florentino took from a
cabinet the celebrated steel chest that contained Simoun's fabulous
wealth. He hesitated for a moment, then resolutely descended the
stairs and made his way to the cliff where Isagani was accustomed to
sit and gaze into the depths of the sea.
Padre Florentino looked down at his feet. There below he saw the dark
billows of the Pacific beating into the hollows of the cliff, producing
sonorous thunder, at the same time that, smitten by the moonbeams,
the waves and foam glittered like sparks of fire, like handfuls of
diamonds hurled into the air by some jinnee of the abyss. He gazed
about him. He was alone. The solitary coast was lost in the distance
amid the dim cloud that the moonbeams played through, until it mingled
with the horizon. The forest murmured unintelligible sounds.
Then the old man, with an effort of his herculean arms, hurled the
chest into space, throwing it toward the sea. It whirled over and over
several times and descended rapidly in a slight curve, reflecting the
moonlight on its polished surface. The old man saw the drops of water
fly and heard a loud splash as the abyss closed over and swallowed up
the treasure. He waited for a few moments to see if the depths would
restore anything, but the wave rolled on as mysteriously as before,
without adding a fold to its rippling surface, as though into the
immensity of the sea a pebble only had been dropped.
"May Nature guard you in her deep abysses among the pearls and corals
of her eternal seas," then said the priest, solemnly extending his
hands. "When for some holy and sublime purpose man may need you, God
will in his wisdom draw you from the bosom of the waves. Meanwhile,
there you will not work woe, you will not distort justice, you will
not foment avarice!"



GLOSSARY

_abá:_ A Tagalog exclamation of wonder, surprise, etc., often used
to introduce or emphasize a contradictory statement.
_alcalde:_ Governor of a province or district, with both executive
and judicial authority.
_Ayuntamiento:_ A city corporation or council, and by extension
the building in which it has its offices; specifically, in Manila,
the capitol.
_balete:_ The Philippine banyan, a tree sacred in Malay folk-lore.
_banka:_ A dugout canoe with bamboo supports or outriggers.
_batalan:_ The platform of split bamboo attached to a _nipa_ house.
_batikúlin:_ A variety of easily-turned wood, used in carving.
_bibinka:_ A sweetmeat made of sugar or molasses and rice-flour,
commonly sold in the small shops.
_buyera:_ A woman who prepares and sells the _buyo_.
_buyo:_ The masticatory prepared by wrapping a piece of areca-nut
with a little shell-lime in a betel-leaf--the _pan_ of British India.
_cabesang:_ Title of a _cabeza de barangay;_ given by courtesy to
his wife also.
_cabeza de barangay:_ Headman and tax-collector for a group of about
fifty families, for whose "tribute" he was personally responsible.
_calesa:_ A two-wheeled chaise with folding top.
_calle:_ Street (Spanish).
_camisa:_ 1. A loose, collarless shirt of transparent material worn
by men outside the trousers. 2. A thin, transparent waist with flowing
sleeves, worn by women.
_capitan:_ "Captain," a title used in addressing or referring to a
gobernadorcillo, or a former occupant of that office.
_carambas:_ A Spanish exclamation denoting surprise or displeasure.
_carbineer:_ Internal-revenue guard.
_carromata:_ A small two-wheeled vehicle with a fixed top.
_casco:_ A flat-bottomed freight barge.
_cayman:_ The Philippine crocodile.
_cedula:_ Certificate of registration and receipt for poll-tax.
_chongka:_ A child's game played with pebbles or cowry-shells.
_cigarrera:_ A woman working in a cigar or cigarette factory.
_Civil Guard:_ Internal quasi-military police force of Spanish officers
and native soldiers.
_cochero:_ Carriage driver, coachman.
_cuarto:_ A copper coin, one hundred and sixty of which were equal
in value to a silver peso.
_filibuster:_ A native of the Philippines who was accused of advocating
their separation from Spain.
_filibusterism:_ See _filibuster_.
_gobernadorcillo:_ "Petty governor," the principal municipal
official--also, in Manila, the head of a commercial guild.
_gumamela:_ The hibiscus, common as a garden shrub in the Philippines.
_Indian:_ The Spanish designation for the Christianized Malay of the
Philippines was _indio_ (Indian), a term used rather contemptuously,
the name _Filipino_ being generally applied in a restricted sense to
the children of Spaniards born in the Islands.
_kalan:_ The small, portable, open, clay fireplace commonly used
in cooking.
_kalikut:_ A short section of bamboo for preparing the _buyo_;
a primitive betel-box.
_kamagon:_ A tree of the ebony family, from which fine cabinet-wood
is obtained. Its fruit is the _mabolo_, or date-plum.
_lanete:_ A variety of timber used in carving.
_linintikan:_ A Tagalog exclamation of disgust or contempt--"thunder!"
_Malacañang:_ The palace of the Captain-General: from the vernacular
name of the place where it stands, "fishermen's resort."
_Malecon:_ A drive along the bay shore of Manila, opposite the
Walled City.
_Mestizo:_ A person of mixed Filipino and Spanish blood; sometimes
applied also to a person of mixed Filipino and Chinese blood.
_nakú:_ A Tagalog exclamation of surprise, wonder, etc.
_narra:_ The Philippine mahogany.
_nipa:_ Swamp palm, with the imbricated leaves of which the roofs
and sides of the common native houses are constructed.
_novena:_ A devotion consisting of prayers recited for nine consecutive
days, asking for some special favor; also, a booklet of these prayers.
_panguingui:_ A complicated card-game, generally for small stakes,
played with a monte deck.
_panguinguera:_ A woman addicted to _panguingui_, this being chiefly
a feminine diversion in the Philippines.
_pansit:_ A soup made of Chinese vermicelli.
_pansitería:_ A shop where _pansit_ is prepared and sold.
_pañuelo:_ A starched neckerchief folded stiffly over the shoulders,
fastened in front and falling in a point behind: the most distinctive
portion of the customary dress of Filipino women.
_peso:_ A silver coin, either the Spanish peso or the Mexican dollar,
about the size of an American dollar and of approximately half
its value.
_petate:_ Sleeping-mat woven from palm leaves.
_piña:_ Fine cloth made from pineapple-leaf fibers.
_Provincial:_ The head of a religious order in the Philippines.
_puñales:_ "Daggers!"
_querida:_ A paramour, mistress: from the Spanish "beloved."
_real:_ One-eighth of a peso, twenty cuartos.
_sala:_ The principal room in the more pretentious Philippine houses.
_salakot:_ Wide hat of palm or bamboo, distinctively Filipino.
_sampaguita:_ The Arabian jasmine: a small, white, very fragrant
flower, extensively cultivated, and worn in chaplets and rosaries by
women and girls--the typical Philippine flower.
_sipa_: A game played with a hollow ball of plaited bamboo or rattan,
by boys standing in a circle, who by kicking it with their heels
endeavor to keep it from striking the ground.
_soltada_: A bout between fighting-cocks.
_'Susmariosep_: A common exclamation: contraction of the Spanish,
_Jesús, María, y José_, the Holy Family.
_tabi_: The cry used by carriage drivers to warn pedestrians.
_tabú_: A utensil fashioned from half of a coconut shell.
_tajú_: A thick beverage prepared from bean-meal and syrup.
_tampipi_: A telescopic basket of woven palm, bamboo, or rattan.
_Tandang_: A title of respect for an old man: from the Tagalog term
for "old."
_tapis_: A piece of dark cloth or lace, often richly worked or
embroidered, worn at the waist somewhat in the fashion of an apron;
a distinctive portion of the native women's attire, especially among
the Tagalogs.
_tatakut_: The Tagalog term for "fear."
_teniente-mayor_: "Senior lieutenant," the senior member of the town
council and substitute for the gobernadorcillo.
_tertiary sister_: A member of a lay society affiliated with a regular
monastic order.
_tienda_: A shop or stall for the sale of merchandise.
_tikbalang_: An evil spirit, capable of assuming various forms, but
said to appear usually as a tall black man with disproportionately
long legs: the "bogey man" of Tagalog children.
_tulisan_: Outlaw, bandit. Under the old régime in the Philippines the
_tulisanes_ were those who, on account of real or fancied grievances
against the authorities, or from fear of punishment for crime,
or from an instinctive desire to return to primitive simplicity,
foreswore life in the towns "under the bell," and made their homes
in the mountains or other remote places. Gathered in small bands with
such arms as they could secure, they sustained themselves by highway
robbery and the levying of black-mail from the country folk.


NOTES

[1] The Spanish designation for the Christianized Malay of the
Philippines was _indio_ (Indian), a term used rather contemptuously,
the name _filipino_ being generally applied in a restricted sense to
the children of Spaniards born in the Islands.--Tr.
[2] Now generally known as the Mariquina.--Tr.
[3] This bridge, constructed in Lukban under the supervision of
a Franciscan friar, was jocularly referred to as the _Puente de
Capricho,_ being apparently an ignorant blunder in the right direction,
since it was declared in an official report made by Spanish engineers
in 1852 to conform to no known principle of scientific construction,
and yet proved to be strong and durable.--Tr.
[4] Don Custodio's gesture indicates money.--Tr.
[5] Duck eggs, that are allowed to advance well into the duckling
stage, then boiled and eaten. The señora is sneering at a custom
among some of her own people.--Tr.
[6] The Jesuit College in Manila, established in 1859.--Tr.
[7] Natives of Spain; to distinguish them from the Filipinos, _i.e.,_
descendants of Spaniards born in the Philippines. See Glossary:
"Indian."--Tr.
[8] It was a common saying among the old Filipinos that the Spaniards
(white men) were fire (activity), while they themselves were water
(passivity).--Tr.
[9] The "liberal" demonstrations in Manila, and the mutiny in the
Cavite Arsenal, resulting in the garroting of the three native
priests to whom this work was dedicated: the first of a series of
fatal mistakes, culminating in the execution of the author, that cost
Spain the loyalty of the Filipinos.--Tr.
[10] Archbishop of Manila from 1767 to 1787.--Tr.
[11] "Between this island (Talim) and Halahala point extends a strait
a mile wide and a league long, which the Indians call 'Kinabutasan,'
a name that in their language means 'place that was cleft open';
from which it is inferred that in other times the island was joined
to the mainland and was separated from it by some severe earthquake,
thus leaving this strait: of this there is an old tradition among
the Indians."--Fray Martinez de Zuñiga's _Estadismo_ (1803).
[12] The reference is to the novel _Noli Me Tangere_ (_The Social
Cancer_), the author's first work, of which, the present is in a way
a continuation.--Tr.
[13] This legend is still current among the Tagalogs. It circulates
in various forms, the commonest being that the king was so confined
for defying the lightning; and it takes no great stretch of the
imagination to fancy in this idea a reference to the firearms used
by the Spanish conquerors. Quite recently (January 1909), when the
nearly extinct volcano of Banahao shook itself and scattered a few
tons of mud over the surrounding landscape, the people thereabout
recalled this old legend, saying that it was their King Bernardo
making another effort to get that right foot loose.--Tr.
[14] The reference is to _Noli Me Tangere,_ in which Sinang appears.
[15] The Dominican school of secondary instruction in Manila.--Tr.
[16] "The studies of secondary instruction given in Santo Tomas,
in the college of San Juan de Letran, and of San José, and in the
private schools, had the defects inherent in the plan of instruction
which the friars developed in the Philippines. It suited their plans
that scientific and literary knowledge should not become general nor
very extensive, for which reason they took but little interest in the
study of those subjects or in the quality of the instruction. Their
educational establishments were places of luxury for the children of
wealthy and well-to-do families rather than establishments in which
to perfect and develop the minds of the Filipino youth. It is true
they were careful to give them a religious education, tending to make
them respect the omnipotent power (_sic_) of the monastic corporations.
"The intellectual powers were made dormant by devoting a greater
part of the time to the study of Latin, to which they attached an
extraordinary importance, for the purpose of discouraging pupils
from studying the exact and experimental sciences and from gaining
a knowledge of true literary studies.
"The philosophic system explained was naturally the scholastic one,
with an exceedingly refined and subtile logic, and with deficient
ideas upon physics. By the study of Latin, and their philosophic
systems, they converted their pupils into automatic machines rather
than into practical men prepared to battle with life."--_Census of
the Philippine Islands (Washington, 1905), Volume III, pp. 601, 602._
[17] The nature of this booklet, in Tagalog, is made clear in several
passages. It was issued by the Franciscans, but proved too outspoken
for even Latin refinement, and was suppressed by the Order itself.--Tr.
[18] The rectory or parish house.
[19] Friends of the author, who suffered in Weyler's expedition,
mentioned below.--Tr.
[20] The Dominican corporation, at whose instigation Captain-General
Valeriano Weyler sent a battery of artillery to Kalamba to destroy
the property of tenants who were contesting in the courts the
friars' titles to land there. The author's family were the largest
sufferers.--Tr.
[21] A relative of the author, whose body was dragged from the tomb and
thrown to the dogs, on the pretext that he had died without receiving
final absolution.--Tr.
[22] Under the Spanish régime the government paid no attention to
education, the schools (!) being under the control of the religious
orders and the friar-curates of the towns.--Tr.
[23] The cockpits are farmed out annually by the local governments,
the terms "contract," and "contractor," having now been softened into
"license" and "licensee."--Tr.
[24] The "Municipal School for Girls" was founded by the municipality
of Manila in 1864.... The institution was in charge of the Sisters
of Charity.--_Census of the Philippine Islands, Vol. III, p. 615_.
[25] Now known as Plaza España.--Tr.
[26] Patroness of the Dominican Order. She was formally and sumptuously
recrowned a queen of the skies in 1907.--Tr.
[27] A burlesque on an association of students known as the _Milicia
Angelica_, organized by the Dominicans to strengthen their hold on
the people. The name used is significant, "carbineers" being the
local revenue officers, notorious in their later days for graft
and abuse.--Tr.
[28] "Tinamáan ñg lintik!"--a Tagalog exclamation of anger,
disappointment, or dismay, regarded as a very strong expression,
equivalent to profanity. Literally, "May the lightning strike
you!"--Tr.
[29] "To lie about the stars is a safe kind of lying."--Tr.
[30] Throughout this chapter the professor uses the familiar _tu_
in addressing the students, thus giving his remarks a contemptuous
tone.--Tr.
[31] The professor speaks these words in vulgar dialect.
[32] To confuse the letters _p_ and _f_ in speaking Spanish was a
common error among uneducated Filipinos.--Tr.
[33] _No cristianos_, not Christians, _i.e_., savages.--Tr.
[34] The patron saint of Spain, St. James.--Tr.
[35] Houses of bamboo and nipa, such as form the homes of the masses
of the natives.--Tr.
[36] "In this paragraph Rizal alludes to an incident that had
very serious results. There was annually celebrated in Binondo a
certain religious festival, principally at the expense of the Chinese
mestizos. The latter finally petitioned that their gobernadorcillo be
given the presidency of it, and this was granted, thanks to the fact
that the parish priest (the Dominican, Fray José Hevia Campomanes)
held to the opinion that the presidency belonged to those who paid
the most. The Tagalogs protested, alleging their better right to it,
as the genuine sons of the country, not to mention the historical
precedent, but the friar, who was looking after his own interests,
did not yield. General Terrero (Governor, 1885-1888), at the advice
of his liberal councilors, finally had the parish priest removed and
for the time being decided the affair in favor of the Tagalogs. The
matter reached the Colonial Office (_Ministerio de Ultramar_) and
the Minister was not even content merely to settle it in the way the
friars desired, but made amends to Padre Hevia by appointing him a
bishop."--_W. E. Retana, who was a journalist in Manila at the time,
in a note to this chapter._
Childish and ridiculous as this may appear now, it was far from being
so at the time, especially in view of the supreme contempt with which
the pugnacious Tagalog looks down upon the meek and complaisant Chinese
and the mortal antipathy that exists between the two races.--Tr.
[37] It is regrettable that Quiroga's picturesque butchery of Spanish
and Tagalog--the dialect of the Manila Chinese--cannot be reproduced
here. Only the thought can be given. There is the same difficulty
with _r's, d's_, and _l's_ that the Chinese show in English.--Tr.
[38] Up to the outbreak of the insurrection in 1896, the only genuinely
Spanish troops in the islands were a few hundred artillerymen, the
rest being natives, with Spanish officers.--Tr.
[39] Abaka is the fiber obtained from the leaves of the _Musa textilis_
and is known commercially as Manila hemp. As it is exclusively a
product of the Philippines, it may be taken here to symbolize the
country.--Tr.
[40] Yet Ben-Zayb was not very much mistaken. The three legs of the
table have grooves in them in which slide the mirrors hidden below
the platform and covered by the squares of the carpet. By placing
the box upon the table a spring is pressed and the mirrors rise
gently. The cloth is then removed, with care to raise it instead of
letting it slide off, and then there is the ordinary table of the
talking heads. The table is connected with the bottom of the box. The
exhibition ended, the prestidigitator again covers the table, presses
another spring, and the mirrors descend.--_Author's note._
[41] The Malay method of kissing is quite different from the
Occidental. The mouth is placed close to the object and a deep breath
taken, often without actually touching the object, being more of a
sniff than a kiss.--Tr.
[42] Now Calle Tetuan, Santa Cruz. The other names are still in
use.--Tr.
[43] The _Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País_ for the encouragement
of agricultural and industrial development, was established by Basco
de Vargas in 1780.--Tr.
[44] Funds managed by the government for making loans and supporting
charitable enterprises.--Tr.
[45] The names are fictitious burlesques.--Tr.
[46] "Boiled Shrimp"--Tr.
[47] "Uncle Frank."--Tr.
[48] Messageries Maritimes, a French line of steamers in the Oriental
trade.--Tr.
[49] Referring to the expeditions--_Misión Española Católica_--to the
Caroline and Pelew Islands from 1886 to 1895, headed by the Capuchin
Fathers, which brought misery and disaster upon the natives of those
islands, unprofitable losses and sufferings to the Filipino soldiers
engaged in them, discredit to Spain, and decorations of merit to a
number of Spanish officers.--Tr.
[50] Over the possession of the Caroline and Pelew Islands. The
expeditions referred to in the previous note were largely inspired
by German activity with regard to those islands, which had always
been claimed by Spain, who sold her claim to them to Germany after
the loss of the Philippines.--Tr.
[51] "Where the wind wrinkles the silent waves, that rapidly break,
of their own movement, with a gentle murmur on the shore."--Tr.
[52] "Where rapid and winged engines will rush in flight."--Tr.
[53] There is something almost uncanny about the general accuracy of
the prophecy in these lines, the economic part of which is now so
well on the way to realization, although the writer of them would
doubtless have been a very much surprised individual had he also
foreseen how it would come about. But one of his own expressions was
"fire and steel to the cancer," and it surely got them.
On the very day that this passage was translated and this note written,
the first commercial liner was tied up at the new docks, which have
destroyed the Malecon but raised Manila to the front rank of Oriental
seaports, and the final revision is made at Baguio, Mountain Province,
amid the "cooler temperatures on the slopes of the mountains." As for
the political portion, it is difficult even now to contemplate calmly
the blundering fatuity of that bigoted medieval brand of "patriotism"
which led the decrepit Philippine government to play the Ancient
Mariner and shoot the Albatross that brought this message.--Tr.
[54] These establishments are still a notable feature of native
life in Manila. Whether the author adopted a title already common or
popularized one of his own invention, the fact is that they are now
invariably known by the name used here. The use of _macanista_ was due
to the presence in Manila of a large number of Chinese from Macao.--Tr.
[55] Originally, Plaza San Gabriel, from the Dominican mission for the
Chinese established there; later, as it became a commercial center,
Plaza Vivac; and now known as Plaza Cervantes, being the financial
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  • The Reign of Greed - 01
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  • The Reign of Greed - 02
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  • The Reign of Greed - 03
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  • The Reign of Greed - 04
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  • The Reign of Greed - 05
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  • The Reign of Greed - 06
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  • The Reign of Greed - 07
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  • The Reign of Greed - 08
    Total number of words is 4750
    Total number of unique words is 1464
    46.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 09
    Total number of words is 4691
    Total number of unique words is 1487
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 10
    Total number of words is 4825
    Total number of unique words is 1515
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 11
    Total number of words is 4692
    Total number of unique words is 1498
    47.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 12
    Total number of words is 4809
    Total number of unique words is 1590
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 13
    Total number of words is 4747
    Total number of unique words is 1598
    43.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 14
    Total number of words is 4747
    Total number of unique words is 1597
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 15
    Total number of words is 4692
    Total number of unique words is 1528
    47.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 16
    Total number of words is 4823
    Total number of unique words is 1636
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 17
    Total number of words is 4685
    Total number of unique words is 1432
    48.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 18
    Total number of words is 4828
    Total number of unique words is 1472
    47.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 19
    Total number of words is 4824
    Total number of unique words is 1492
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 20
    Total number of words is 4884
    Total number of unique words is 1476
    49.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    78.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 21
    Total number of words is 4833
    Total number of unique words is 1628
    46.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 22
    Total number of words is 4633
    Total number of unique words is 1578
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 23
    Total number of words is 4766
    Total number of unique words is 1551
    49.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 24
    Total number of words is 4487
    Total number of unique words is 1705
    37.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 25
    Total number of words is 734
    Total number of unique words is 394
    44.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    59.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.