The Reign of Greed - 08

Total number of words is 4750
Total number of unique words is 1464
46.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
63.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
71.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
word. We jump all this section, we take that." He was pointing out
with his finger in the "Physics" the portions that were to be learned,
when suddenly the book flew through the air, as a result of the slap
Juanito gave it from below.
"Thunder, let the lessons go! Let's have a _dia pichido!_"
The students in Manila call _dia pichido_ a school-day that falls
between two holidays and is consequently suppressed, as though forced
out by their wish.
"Do you know that you really are an ass?" exclaimed Placido, picking
up his book and papers.
"Let's have a _dia pichido!_" repeated Juanito.
Placido was unwilling, since for only two the authorities were hardly
going to suspend a class of more than a hundred and fifty. He recalled
the struggles and privations his mother was suffering in order to keep
him in Manila, while she went without even the necessities of life.
They were just passing through the breach of Santo Domingo, and
Juanito, gazing across the little plaza [25] in front of the old
Customs building, exclaimed, "Now I think of it, I'm appointed to
take up the collection."
"What collection?"
"For the monument."
"What monument?"
"Get out! For Padre Balthazar, you know."
"And who was Padre Balthazar?"
"Fool! A Dominican, of course--that's why the padres call on the
students. Come on now, loosen up with three or four pesos, so that they
may see we are sports. Don't let them say afterwards that in order
to erect a statue they had to dig down into their own pockets. Do,
Placido, it's not money thrown away."
He accompanied these words with a significant wink. Placido recalled
the case of a student who had passed through the entire course by
presenting canary-birds, so he subscribed three pesos.
"Look now, I'll write your name plainly so that the professor will read
it, you see--Placido Penitente, three pesos. Ah, listen! In a couple
of weeks comes the nameday of the professor of natural history. You
know that he's a good fellow, never marks absences or asks about the
lesson. Man, we must show our appreciation!"
"That's right!"
"Then don't you think that we ought to give him a celebration? The
orchestra must not be smaller than the one you had for the professor
of physics."
"That's right!"
"What do you think about making the contribution two pesos? Come,
Placido, you start it, so you'll be at the head of the list."
Then, seeing that Placido gave the two pesos without hesitation,
he added, "Listen, put up four, and afterwards I'll return you
two. They'll serve as a decoy."
"Well, if you're going to return them to me, why give them to
you? It'll be sufficient, for you to write four."
"Ah, that's right! What an ass I am! Do you know, I'm getting to be
a regular ass! But let me have them anyhow, so that I can show them."
Placido, in order not to give the lie to the priest who christened him,
gave what was asked, just as they reached the University.
In the entrance and along the walks on each side of it were gathered
the students, awaiting the appearance of the professors. Students of
the preparatory year of law, of the fifth of the secondary course,
of the preparatory in medicine, formed lively groups. The latter
were easily distinguished by their clothing and by a certain air
that was lacking in the others, since the greater part of them came
from the Ateneo Municipal. Among them could be seen the poet Isagani,
explaining to a companion the theory of the refraction of light. In
another group they were talking, disputing, citing the statements
of the professor, the text-books, and scholastic principles; in
yet another they were gesticulating and waving their books in the
air or making demonstrations with their canes by drawing diagrams
on the ground; farther on, they were entertaining themselves in
watching the pious women go into the neighboring church, all the
students making facetious remarks. An old woman leaning on a young
girl limped piously, while the girl moved along writh downcast eyes,
timid and abashed to pass before so many curious eyes. The old lady,
catching up her coffee-colored skirt, of the Sisterhood of St. Rita,
to reveal her big feet and white stockings, scolded her companion
and shot furious glances at the staring bystanders.
"The rascals!" she grunted. "Don't look at them, keep your eyes down."
Everything was noticed; everything called forth jokes and comments. Now
it was a magnificent victoria which stopped at the door to set down a
family of votaries on their way to visit the Virgin of the Rosary [26]
on her favorite day, while the inquisitive sharpened their eyes to get
a glimpse of the shape and size of the young ladies' feet as they got
out of the carriages; now it was a student who came out of the door
with devotion still shining in his eyes, for he had passed through
the church to beg the Virgin's help in understanding his lesson and
to see if his sweetheart was there, to exchange a few glances with
her and go on to his class with the recollection of her loving eyes.
Soon there was noticed some movement in the groups, a certain air of
expectancy, while Isagani paused and turned pale. A carriage drawn
by a pair of well-known white horses had stopped at the door. It
was that of Paulita Gomez, and she had already jumped down, light
as a bird, without giving the rascals time to see her foot. With a
bewitching whirl of her body and a sweep of her hand she arranged
the folds of her skirt, shot a rapid and apparently careless glance
toward Isagani, spoke to him and smiled. Doña Victorina descended
in her turn, gazed over her spectacles, saw Juanito Pelaez, smiled,
and bowed to him affably.
Isagani, flushed with excitement, returned a timid salute, while
Juanito bowed profoundly, took off his hat, and made the same gesture
as the celebrated clown and caricaturist Panza when he received
applause.
"Heavens, what a girl!" exclaimed one of the students, starting
forward. "Tell the professor that I'm seriously ill." So Tadeo,
as this invalid youth was known, entered the church to follow the girl.
Tadeo went to the University every day to ask if the classes would be
held and each time seemed to be more and more astonished that they
would. He had a fixed idea of a latent and eternal _holiday_, and
expected it to come any day. So each morning, after vainly proposing
that they play truant, he would go away alleging important business,
an appointment, or illness, just at the very moment when his companions
were going to their classes. But by some occult, thaumaturgic art
Tadeo passed the examinations, was beloved by the professors, and
had before him a promising future.
Meanwhile, the groups began to move inside, for the professor
of physics and chemistry had put in his appearance. The students
appeared to be cheated in their hopes and went toward the interior
of the building with exclamations of discontent. Placido went along
with the crowd.
"Penitente, Penitente!" called a student with a certain mysterious
air. "Sign this!"
"What is it?"
"Never mind--sign it!"
It seemed to Placido that some one was twitching his ears. He recalled
the story of a cabeza de barangay in his town who, for having signed
a document that he did not understand, was kept a prisoner for months
and months, and came near to deportation. An uncle of Placido's,
in order to fix the lesson in his memory, had given him a severe
ear-pulling, so that always whenever he heard signatures spoken of,
his ears reproduced the sensation.
"Excuse me, but I can't sign anything without first understanding
what it's about."
"What a fool you are! If two _celestial carbineers_ have signed it,
what have you to fear?"
The name of _celestial carbineers_ inspired confidence, being, as it
was, a sacred company created to aid God in the warfare against the
evil spirit and to prevent the smuggling of heretical contraband into
the markets of the New Zion. [27]
Placido was about to sign to make an end of it, because he was in
a hurry,--already his classmates were reciting the _O Thoma_,--but
again his ears twitched, so he said, "After the class! I want to read
it first."
"It's very long, don't you see? It concerns the presentation of a
counter-petition, or rather, a protest. Don't you understand? Makaraig
and some others have asked that an academy of Castilian be opened,
which is a piece of genuine foolishness--"
"All right, all right, after awhile. They're already beginning,"
answered Placido, trying to get away.
"But your professor may not call the roll--"
"Yes, yes; but he calls it sometimes. Later on, later on! Besides,
I don't want to put myself in opposition to Makaraig."
"But it's not putting yourself in opposition, it's only--"
Placido heard no more, for he was already far away, hurrying to his
class. He heard the different voices--_adsum, adsum_--the roll was
being called! Hastening his steps he got to the door just as the
letter Q was reached.
"_Tinamáan ñg--!_" [28] he muttered, biting his lips.
He hesitated about entering, for the mark was already down against
him and was not to be erased. One did not go to the class to
learn but in order not to get this absence mark, for the class was
reduced to reciting the lesson from memory, reading the book, and
at the most answering a few abstract, profound, captious, enigmatic
questions. True, the usual preachment was never lacking--the same
as ever, about humility, submission, and respect to the clerics,
and he, Placido, was humble, submissive, and respectful. So he was
about to turn away when he remembered that the examinations were
approaching and his professor had not yet asked him a question nor
appeared to notice him--this would be a good opportunity to attract
his attention and become known! To be known was to gain a year, for
if it cost nothing to suspend one who was not known, it required a
hard heart not to be touched by the sight of a youth who by his daily
presence was a reproach over a year of his life wasted.
So Placido went in, not on tiptoe as was his custom, but noisily on his
heels, and only too well did he succeed in his intent! The professor
stared at him, knitted his brows, and shook his head, as though to say,
"Ah, little impudence, you'll pay for that!"


CHAPTER XIII
THE CLASS IN PHYSICS

The classroom was a spacious rectangular hall with large grated
windows that admitted an abundance of light and air. Along the two
sides extended three wide tiers of stone covered with wood, filled
with students arranged in alphabetical order. At the end opposite the
entrance, under a print of St. Thomas Aquinas, rose the professor's
chair on an elevated platform with a little stairway on each side. With
the exception of a beautiful blackboard in a narra frame, scarcely
ever used, since there was still written on it the _viva_ that had
appeared on the opening day, no furniture, either useful or useless,
was to be seen. The walls, painted white and covered with glazed tiles
to prevent scratches, were entirely bare, having neither a drawing
nor a picture, nor even an outline of any physical apparatus. The
students had no need of any, no one missed the practical instruction
in an extremely experimental science; for years and years it has been
so taught and the country has not been upset, but continues just as
ever. Now and then some little instrument descended from heaven and
was exhibited to the class from a distance, like the monstrance to
the prostrate worshipers--look, but touch not! From time to time,
when some complacent professor appeared, one day in the year was
set aside for visiting the mysterious laboratory and gazing from
without at the puzzling apparatus arranged in glass cases. No one
could complain, for on that day there were to be seen quantities of
brass and glassware, tubes, disks, wheels, bells, and the like--the
exhibition did not get beyond that, and the country was not upset.
Besides, the students were convinced that those instruments had not
been purchased for them--the friars would be fools! The laboratory
was intended to be shown to the visitors and the high officials who
came from the Peninsula, so that upon seeing it they would nod their
heads with satisfaction, while their guide would smile, as if to say,
"Eh, you thought you were going to find some backward monks! Well,
we're right up with the times--we have a laboratory!"
The visitors and high officials, after being handsomely entertained,
would then write in their _Travels_ or _Memoirs_: "The Royal
and Pontifical University of Santo Tomas of Manila, in charge of
the enlightened Dominican Order, possesses a magnificent physical
laboratory for the instruction of youth. Some two hundred and fifty
students annually study this subject, but whether from apathy,
indolence, the limited capacity of the Indian, or some other
ethnological or incomprehensible reason, up to now there has not
developed a Lavoisier, a Secchi, or a Tyndall, not even in miniature,
in the Malay-Filipino race."
Yet, to be exact, we will say that in this laboratory are held the
classes of thirty or forty _advanced_ students, under the direction of
an instructor who performs his duties well enough, but as the greater
part of these students come from the Ateneo of the Jesuits, where
science is taught practically in the laboratory itself, its utility
does not come to be so great as it would be if it could be utilized by
the two hundred and fifty who pay their matriculation fees, buy their
books, memorize them, and waste a year to know nothing afterwards. As
a result, with the exception of some rare usher or janitor who has
had charge of the museum for years, no one has ever been known to
get any advantage from the lessons memorized with so great effort.
But let us return to the class. The professor was a young Dominican,
who had filled several chairs in San Juan de Letran with zeal and
good repute. He had the reputation of being a great logician as well
as a profound philosopher, and was one of the most promising in his
clique. His elders treated him with consideration, while the younger
men envied him, for there were also cliques among them. This was the
third year of his professorship and, although the first in which he
had taught physics and chemistry, he already passed for a sage, not
only with the complaisant students but also among the other nomadic
professors. Padre Millon did not belong to the common crowd who each
year change their subject in order to acquire scientific knowledge,
students among other students, with the difference only that they
follow a single course, that they quiz instead of being quizzed,
that they have a better knowledge of Castilian, and that they are not
examined at the completion of the course. Padre Millon went deeply
into science, knew the physics of Aristotle and Padre Amat, read
carefully his "Ramos," and sometimes glanced at "Ganot." With all that,
he would often shake his head with an air of doubt, as he smiled and
murmured: "_transeat_." In regard to chemistry, no common knowledge
was attributed to him after he had taken as a premise the statement of
St. Thomas that water is a mixture and proved plainly that the Angelic
Doctor had long forestalled Berzelius, Gay-Lussac, Bunsen, and other
more or less presumptuous materialists. Moreover, in spite of having
been an instructor in geography, he still entertained certain doubts as
to the rotundity of the earth and smiled maliciously when its rotation
and revolution around the sun were mentioned, as he recited the verses

"El mentir de las estrellas
Es un cómodo mentir." [29]

He also smiled maliciously in the presence of certain physical
theories and considered visionary, if not actually insane, the
Jesuit Secchi, to whom he imputed the making of triangulations on
the host as a result of his astronomical mania, for which reason it
was said that he had been forbidden to celebrate mass. Many persons
also noticed in him some aversion to the sciences that he taught,
but these vagaries were trifles, scholarly and religious prejudices
that were easily explained, not only by the fact that the physical
sciences were eminently practical, of pure observation and deduction,
while his forte was philosophy, purely speculative, of abstraction
and induction, but also because, like any good Dominican, jealous
of the fame of his order, he could hardly feel any affection for a
science in which none of his brethren had excelled--he was the first
who did not accept the chemistry of St. Thomas Aquinas--and in which
so much renown had been acquired by hostile, or rather, let us say,
rival orders.
This was the professor who that morning called the roll and directed
many of the students to recite the lesson from memory, word for
word. The phonographs got into operation, some well, some ill, some
stammering, and received their grades. He who recited without an error
earned a good mark and he who made more than three mistakes a bad mark.
A fat boy with a sleepy face and hair as stiff and hard as the bristles
of a brush yawned until he seemed to be about to dislocate his jaws,
and stretched himself with his arms extended as though he were in
his bed. The professor saw this and wished to startle him.
"Eh, there, sleepy-head! What's this? Lazy, too, so it's sure you
[30] don't know the lesson, ha?"
Padre Millon not only used the depreciative _tu_ with the students,
like a good friar, but he also addressed them in the slang of the
markets, a practise that he had acquired from the professor of
canonical law: whether that reverend gentleman wished to humble the
students or the sacred decrees of the councils is a question not yet
settled, in spite of the great attention that has been given to it.
This question, instead of offending the class, amused them, and many
laughed--it was a daily occurrence. But the sleeper did not laugh;
he arose with a bound, rubbed his eyes, and, as though a steam-engine
were turning the phonograph, began to recite.
"The name of mirror is applied to all polished surfaces intended to
produce by the reflection of light the images of the objects placed
before said surfaces. From the substances that form these surfaces,
they are divided into metallic mirrors and glass mirrors--"
"Stop, stop, stop!" interrupted the professor. "Heavens, what a
rattle! We are at the point where the mirrors are divided into
metallic and glass, eh? Now if I should present to you a block of
wood, a piece of kamagon for instance, well polished and varnished,
or a slab of black marble well burnished, or a square of jet, which
would reflect the images of objects placed before them, how would
you classify those mirrors?"
Whether he did not know what to answer or did not understand
the question, the student tried to get out of the difficulty by
demonstrating that he knew the lesson, so he rushed on like a torrent.
"The first are composed of brass or an alloy of different metals and
the second of a sheet of glass, with its two sides well polished,
one of which has an amalgam of tin adhering to it."
"Tut, tut, tut! That's not it! I say to you '_Dominus vobiscum_,'
and you answer me with '_Requiescat in pace!_' "
The worthy professor then repeated the question in the vernacular of
the markets, interspersed with _cosas_ and _abás_ at every moment.
The poor youth did not know how to get out of the quandary: he doubted
whether to include the kamagon with the metals, or the marble with
glasses, and leave the jet as a neutral substance, until Juanito
Pelaez maliciously prompted him:
"The mirror of kamagon among the wooden mirrors."
The incautious youth repeated this aloud and half the class was
convulsed with laughter.
"A good sample of wood you are yourself!" exclaimed the professor,
laughing in spite of himself. "Let's see from what you would define a
mirror--from a surface _per se, in quantum est superficies_, or from a
substance that forms the surface, or from the substance upon which the
surface rests, the raw material, modified by the attribute 'surface,'
since it is clear that, surface being an accidental property of bodies,
it cannot exist without substance. Let's see now--what do you say?"
"I? Nothing!" the wretched boy was about to reply, for he did not
understand what it was all about, confused as he was by so many
surfaces and so many accidents that smote cruelly on his ears, but
a sense of shame restrained him. Filled with anguish and breaking
into a cold perspiration, he began to repeat between his teeth:
"The name of mirror is applied to all polished surfaces--"
"_Ergo, per te_, the mirror is the surface," angled the
professor. "Well, then, clear up this difficulty. If the surface is the
mirror, it must be of no consequence to the 'essence' of the mirror
what may be found behind this surface, since what is behind it does
not affect the 'essence' that is before it, _id est_, the surface,
_quae super faciem est, quia vocatur superficies, facies ea quae
supra videtur_. Do you admit that or do you not admit it?"
The poor youth's hair stood up straighter than ever, as though acted
upon by some magnetic force.
"Do you admit it or do you not admit it?"
"Anything! Whatever you wish, Padre," was his thought, but he did
not dare to express it from fear of ridicule. That was a dilemma
indeed, and he had never been in a worse one. He had a vague idea
that the most innocent thing could not be admitted to the friars
but that they, or rather their estates and curacies, would get out
of it all the results and advantages imaginable. So his good angel
prompted him to deny everything with all the energy of his soul and
refractoriness of his hair, and he was about to shout a proud _nego_,
for the reason that he who denies everything does not compromise
himself in anything, as a certain lawyer had once told him; but the
evil habit of disregarding the dictates of one's own conscience,
of having little faith in legal folk, and of seeking aid from others
where one is sufficient unto himself, was his undoing. His companions,
especially Juanito Pelaez, were making signs to him to admit it,
so he let himself be carried away by his evil destiny and exclaimed,
"_Concedo_, Padre," in a voice as faltering as though he were saying,
"_In manus tuas commendo spiritum meum._"
"_Concedo antecedentum_," echoed the professor, smiling
maliciously. "_Ergo_, I can scratch the mercury off a looking-glass,
put in its place a piece of _bibinka_, and we shall still have a
mirror, eh? Now what shall we have?"
The youth gazed at his prompters, but seeing them surprised and
speechless, contracted his features into an expression of bitterest
reproach. "_Deus meus, Deus meus, quare dereliquiste me,_" said his
troubled eyes, while his lips muttered "_Linintikan!_" Vainly he
coughed, fumbled at his shirt-bosom, stood first on one foot and then
on the other, but found no answer.
"Come now, what have we?" urged the professor, enjoying the effect
of his reasoning.
"_Bibinka!_" whispered Juanito Pelaez. "_Bibinka!_"
"Shut up, you fool!" cried the desperate youth, hoping to get out of
the difficulty by turning it into a complaint.
"Let's see, Juanito, if you can answer the question for me," the
professor then said to Pelaez, who was one of his pets.
The latter rose slowly, not without first giving Penitente, who
followed him on the roll, a nudge that meant, "Don't forget to
prompt me."
"_Nego consequentiam_, Padre," he replied resolutely.
"Aha, then _probo consequentiam! Per te_, the polished surface
constitutes the 'essence' of the mirror--"
_"Nego suppositum!"_ interrupted Juanito, as he felt Placido pulling
at his coat.
"How? _Per te_--"
"_Nego!_"
"_Ergo,_ you believe that what is behind affects what is in front?"
_"Nego!"_ the student cried with still more ardor, feeling another
jerk at his coat.
Juanito, or rather Placido, who was prompting him, was unconsciously
adopting Chinese tactics: not to admit the most inoffensive foreigner
in order not to be invaded.
"Then where are we?" asked the professor, somewhat disconcerted,
and looking uneasily at the refractory student. "Does the substance
behind affect, or does it not affect, the surface?"
To this precise and categorical question, a kind of ultimatum, Juanito
did not know what to reply and his coat offered no suggestions. In vain
he made signs to Placido, but Placido himself was in doubt. Juanito
then took advantage of a moment in which the professor was staring
at a student who was cautiously and secretly taking off the shoes
that hurt his feet, to step heavily on Placido's toes and whisper,
"Tell me, hurry up, tell me!"
"I distinguish--Get out! What an ass you are!" yelled Placido
unreservedly, as he stared with angry eyes and rubbed his hand over
his patent-leather shoe.
The professor heard the cry, stared at the pair, and guessed what
had happened.
"Listen, you meddler," he addressed Placido, "I wasn't questioning
you, but since you think you can save others, let's see if you can
save yourself, _salva te ipsum,_ and decide this question."
Juanito sat down in content, and as a mark of gratitude stuck out
his tongue at his prompter, who had arisen blushing with shame and
muttering incoherent excuses.
For a moment Padre Millon regarded him as one gloating over a favorite
dish. What a good thing it would be to humiliate and hold up to
ridicule that dudish boy, always smartly dressed, with head erect
and serene look! It would be a deed of charity, so the charitable
professor applied himself to it with all his heart, slowly repeating
the question.
"The book says that the metallic mirrors are made of brass and an
alloy of different metals--is that true or is it not true?"
"So the book says, Padre."
"_Liber dixit, ergo ita est_. Don't pretend that you know more than the
book does. It then adds that the glass mirrors are made of a sheet of
glass whose two surfaces are well polished, one of them having applied
to it an amalgam of tin, _nota bene_, an amalgam of tin! Is that true?"
"If the book says so, Padre."
"Is tin a metal?"
"It seems so, Padre. The book says so."
"It is, it is, and the word amalgam means that it is compounded with
mercury, which is also a metal. _Ergo_, a glass mirror is a metallic
mirror; _ergo_, the terms of the distinction are confused; _ergo_,
the classification is imperfect--how do you explain that, meddler?"
He emphasized the _ergos_ and the familiar "you's" with indescribable
relish, at the same time winking, as though to say, "You're done for."
"It means that, it means that--" stammered Placido.
"It means that you haven't learned the lesson, you petty meddler,
you don't understand it yourself, and yet you prompt your neighbor!"
The class took no offense, but on the contrary many thought the
epithet funny and laughed. Placido bit his lips.
"What's your name?" the professor asked him.
"Placido," was the curt reply.
"Aha! Placido Penitente, although you look more like Placido the
Prompter--or the Prompted. But, _Penitent_, I'm going to impose some
_penance_ on you for your promptings."
Pleased with his play on words, he ordered the youth to recite the
lesson, and the latter, in the state of mind to which he was reduced,
made more than three mistakes. Shaking his head up and down, the
professor slowly opened the register and slowly scanned it while he
called off the names in a low voice.
"Palencia--Palomo--Panganiban--Pedraza--Pelado--Pelaez--Penitents,
aha! Placido Penitente, fifteen unexcused absences--"
Placido started up. "Fifteen absences, Padre?"
"Fifteen unexcused absences," continued the professor, "so that you
only lack one to be dropped from the roll."
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Next - The Reign of Greed - 09
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  • The Reign of Greed - 01
    Total number of words is 4537
    Total number of unique words is 1637
    41.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
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  • The Reign of Greed - 02
    Total number of words is 4763
    Total number of unique words is 1498
    48.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
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  • The Reign of Greed - 03
    Total number of words is 4991
    Total number of unique words is 1487
    50.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
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  • The Reign of Greed - 04
    Total number of words is 4978
    Total number of unique words is 1540
    49.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
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  • The Reign of Greed - 05
    Total number of words is 4957
    Total number of unique words is 1525
    49.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
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  • The Reign of Greed - 06
    Total number of words is 4812
    Total number of unique words is 1570
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
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  • The Reign of Greed - 07
    Total number of words is 4636
    Total number of unique words is 1377
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    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 08
    Total number of words is 4750
    Total number of unique words is 1464
    46.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 09
    Total number of words is 4691
    Total number of unique words is 1487
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 10
    Total number of words is 4825
    Total number of unique words is 1515
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 11
    Total number of words is 4692
    Total number of unique words is 1498
    47.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 12
    Total number of words is 4809
    Total number of unique words is 1590
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 13
    Total number of words is 4747
    Total number of unique words is 1598
    43.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 14
    Total number of words is 4747
    Total number of unique words is 1597
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 15
    Total number of words is 4692
    Total number of unique words is 1528
    47.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 16
    Total number of words is 4823
    Total number of unique words is 1636
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 17
    Total number of words is 4685
    Total number of unique words is 1432
    48.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 18
    Total number of words is 4828
    Total number of unique words is 1472
    47.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 19
    Total number of words is 4824
    Total number of unique words is 1492
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 20
    Total number of words is 4884
    Total number of unique words is 1476
    49.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    78.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 21
    Total number of words is 4833
    Total number of unique words is 1628
    46.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 22
    Total number of words is 4633
    Total number of unique words is 1578
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 23
    Total number of words is 4766
    Total number of unique words is 1551
    49.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 24
    Total number of words is 4487
    Total number of unique words is 1705
    37.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Reign of Greed - 25
    Total number of words is 734
    Total number of unique words is 394
    44.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    59.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.