The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 84

Total number of words is 4154
Total number of unique words is 1439
36.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
55.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
62.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
847 “As the reason assigned in these passages for not addressing Sítá in
Sanskrit such as a Bráhman would use is not that she would not
understand it, but that it would alarm her and be unsuitable to the
speaker, we must take them as indicating that Sanskrit, if not
spoken by women of the upper classes at the time when the Rámáyaṇa
was written (whenever that may have been), was at least understood
by them, and was commonly spoken by men of the priestly class, and
other educated persons. By the Sanskrit proper to an [ordinary] man,
alluded to in the second passage, may perhaps be understood not a
language in which words different from Sanskrit were used, but the
employment of formal and elaborate diction.” MUIR’S _Sanskrit
Texts_, Part II. p. 166.
848 Svayambhu, the Self-existent, Brahmá.
849 Vṛihaspati or Váchaspati, the Lord of Speech and preceptor of the
Gods.
850 The Asurs were the fierce enemies of the Gods.
851 The Rudras are manifestations of Śiva.
852 The Maruts or Storm Gods.
853 Rohiṇí is an asterism personified as the daughter of Daksha and the
favourite wife of the Moon. The chief star in the constellation is
Aldebaran.
854 Arundhatí was the wife of the great sage Vaśishṭha, and regarded as
the pattern of conjugal excellence. She was raised to the heavens as
one of the Pleiades.
855 The Gods do not shed tears; nor do they touch the ground when they
walk or stand. Similarly Milton’s angels marched above the ground
and “the passive air upbore their nimble tread.” Virgil’s “vera
incessu patuit dea” may refer to the same belief.
856 That a friend of Ráma would praise him as he should be praised, and
that if the stranger were Rávaṇ in disguise he would avoid the
subject.
857 Kuvera the God of Gold.
858 Sítá of course knows nothing of what has happened to Ráma since the
time when she was carried away by Rávaṇ. The poet therefore thinks
it necessary to repeat the whole story of the meeting between Ráma
and Sugríva, the defeat of Bálí, and subsequent events. I give the
briefest possible outline of the story.
859 DE GUBERNATIS thinks that this ring which the Sun Ráma sends to the
Dawn Sítá is a symbol of the sun’s disc.
860 Śachí is the loved and lovely wife of Indra, and she is taken as the
type of a woman protected by a jealous and all-powerful husband.
861 The mountain near Kishkindhá.
862 Airávat is the mighty elephant on which Indra delights to ride.
863 Vibhishaṇ is the wicked Rávaṇ’s good brother.
864 Her name is Kalá, or in the Bengal recension Nandá.
865 One of Rávaṇ’s chief councillors.
866 Hanumán when he entered the city had in order to escape observation
condensed himself to the size of a cat.
867 The brook Mandákiní, not far from Chitrakúṭa where Ráma sojourned
for a time.
868 The poet here changes from the second person to the third.
869 The whole long story is repeated with some slight variations and
additions from Book II, Canto XCVI. I give here only the outline.
870 The expedients to vanquish an enemy or to make him come to terms are
said to be four: conciliation, gifts, disunion, and force or
punishment. Hanumán considers it useless to employ the first three
and resolves to punish Rávaṇ by destroying his pleasure-grounds.
871 Kinkar means the special servant of a sovereign, who receives his
orders immediately from his master. The Bengal recension gives these
Rákshases an epithet which the Commentator explains “as generated in
the mind of Brahmá.”
872 Ráma _de jure_ King of Kośal of which Ayodhyá was the capital.
_ 873 Chaityaprásáda_ is explained by the Commentator as the place where
the Gods of the Rákshases were kept. Gorresio translates it by “un
grande edificio.”
874 The bow of Indra is the rainbow.
875 We were told a few lines before that the chariot of Jambumáli was
drawn by asses. Here horses are spoken of. The Commentator notices
the discrepancy and says that by horses asses are meant.
876 Armed with the bow of Indra, the rainbow.
877 Rávaṇ’s son.
878 Conqueror of Indra, another of Rávaṇ’s sons.
879 The _śloka_ which follows is probably an interpolation, as it is
inconsistent with the questioning in Canto L.:
He looked on Rávaṇ in his pride,
And boldly to the monarch cried:
“I came an envoy to this place
From him who rules the Vánar race.”
880 The ten heads of Rávaṇ have provoked much ridicule from European
critics. It should be remembered that Spenser tells us of “two
brethren giants, the one of which had two heads, the other three;”
and Milton speaks of the “four-fold visaged Four,” the four Cherubic
shapes each of whom had four faces.
881 Durdhar, or as the Bengal recension reads Mahodara, Prahasta,
Mahápárśva, and Nikumbha.
882 The chief attendant of Śiva.
883 Bali, not to be confounded with Báli the Vánar, was a celebrated
Daitya or demon who had usurped the empire of the three worlds, and
who was deprived of two thirds of his dominions by Vishṇu in the
Dwarf-incarnation.
884 When Hanumán was bound with cords, Indrajít released his captive
from the spell laid upon him by the magic weapon.
885 “One who murders an ambassador (_rája bhata_) goes to Taptakumbha,
the hell of heated caldrons.” WILSON’S _Vishṇu Puraṇa_, Vol. II. p.
217.
886 The fire which is supposed to burn beneath the sea.
887 Sítá is likened to the fire which is an emblem of purity.
888 I omit two stanzas which continue the metaphor of the sea or lake of
air. The moon is its lotus, the sun its wild-duck, the clouds are
its water-weeds, Mars is its shark and so on. Gorresio remarks:
“This comparison of a great lake to the sky and of celestial to
aquatic objects is one of those ideas which the view and qualities
of natural scenery awake in lively fancies. Imagine one of those
grand and splendid lakes of India covered with lotus blossoms,
furrowed by wild-ducks of the most vivid colours, mantled over here
and there with flowers and water weeds &c. and it will be understood
how the fancy of the poet could readily compare to the sky radiant
with celestial azure the blue expanse of the water, to the soft
light of the moon the inner hue of the lotus, to the splendour of
the sun the brilliant colours of the wild-fowl, to the stars the
flowers, to the cloud the weeds that float upon the water &c.”
889 Sunábha is the mountain that rose from the sea when Hanumán passed
over to Lanká.
890 Three Cantos of repetition are omitted.
_ 891 Madhuvan_ the “honey-wood.”
892 Indra’s pleasure-ground or elysium.
893 Janak was king of Videha or Mithilá in Behar.
894 The original contains two more Cantos which end the Book. Canto
LXVII begins thus: “Hanumán thus addressed by the great-souled son
of Raghu related to the son of Raghu all that Sítá had said.” And
the two Cantos contain nothing but Hanumán’s account of his
interview with Sítá, and the report of his own speeches as well as
of hers.
895 The Sixth Book is called in Sanskrit _Yuddha-Káṇḍa_ or _The War_,
and _Lanká-Káṇda_. It is generally known at the present day by the
latter title.
896 Váyu is the God of Wind.
897 Garuḍa the King of Birds.
898 Serpent-Gods.
899 The God of the sea.
900 Indra’s elephant.
901 Kuvera, God of wealth.
902 Kuvera’s elephant.
903 The planet Venus, or its regent who is regarded as the son of Bhrigu
and preceptor of the Daityas.
904 The seven _rishis_ or saints who form the constellation of the Great
Bear.
905 Triśanku was raised to the skies to form a constellation in the
southern hemisphere. The story in told in Book I, Canto LX.
906 The sage Viśvámitra, who performed for Triśanku the great sacrifice
which raised him to the heavens.
907 One of the lunar asterisms containing four or originally two stars
under the regency of a dual divinity Indrágni, Indra and Agni.
908 The lunar asterism Múla, belonging to the Rákshases.
909 The Asurs or demons dwell imprisoned in the depths beneath the sea.
910 The God of Riches, brother and enemy of Rávaṇ and first possessor of
Pushpak the flying car.
911 King of the Serpents. Śankha and Takshak are two of the eight
Serpent Chiefs.
912 The God of Death, the Pluto of the Hindus.
913 Literally Indra’s conqueror, so called from his victory over that
God.
914 Their names are Nikumbha, Rabhasa, Súryaśatru, Suptaghna, Yajnakopa,
Mahápárśva, Mahodara, Agniketu, Raśmiketu, Durdharsha, Indraśatru,
Prahasta, Virúpáksha, Vajradanshṭra, Dhúmráksha, Durmukha, Mahábala.
915 Similarly Antenor urges the restoration of Helen:
“Let Sparta’s treasures be this hour restored,
And Argive Helen own her ancient lord.
As this advice ye practise or reject,
So hope success, or dread the dire effect,”
POPE’S _Homer’s Iliad_, Book VII.
916 The _Agnisálá_ or room where the sacrificial fire was kept.
917 The exudation of a fragrant fluid from the male elephant’s temples,
especially at certain seasons, is frequently spoken of in Sanskrit
poetry. It is said to deceive and attract the bees, and is regarded
as a sign of health and masculine vigour.
918 Consisting of warriors on elephants, warriors in chariots,
charioteers, and infantry.
919 Indra, generally represented as surrounded by the Maruts or
Storm-Gods.
920 Janasthán, where Ráma lived as an ascetic.
921 Máyá, regarded as the paragon of female beauty, was the creation of
Maya the chief artificer of the Daityas or Dánavs.
922 One of the Nymphs of Indra’s heaven.
923 The Lotus River, a branch of the heavenly Gangá.
_ 924 Trilokanátha_, Lord of the Three Worlds, is a title of Indra.
925 The celestial elephant that carries Indra.
926 As producers of the _ghi_, clarified butter or sacrificial oil, used
in fire-offerings.
927 This desertion to the enemy is somewhat abrupt, and is narrated with
brevity not usual with Válmíki. In the Bengal recension the
preceding speakers and speeches differ considerably from those given
in the text which I follow. Vibhishaṇ is kicked from his seat by
Rávaṇ, and then, after telling his mother what has happened, he
flies to Mount Kailása where he has an interview with Śiva, and by
his advice seeks Ráma and the Vánar army.
928 Vṛihaspati the preceptor of the Gods.
929 In Book II, Canto XXI, Kaṇdu is mentioned by Ráma as an example of
filial obedience. At the command of his father he is said to have
killed a cow.
930 A King of the Yakshas, or Kuvera himself, the God of Gold.
931 The brace protects the left arm from injury from the bow-string, and
the guard protects the fingers of the right hand.
932 The story is told in Book I, Cantos XL, XLI, XLII.
933 Fiends and enemies of the Gods.
934 The Indus.
935 Cowherds, sprung from a Bráhman and a woman of the medical tribe,
the modern Ahírs.
936 Barbarians or outcasts.
_ 937 Vraṇa_ means wound or rent.
938 Here in the Bengal recension (Gorresio’s edition), begins Book VI.
939 The Goomtee.
940 The Anglicized Nerbudda.
941 According to a Pauranik legend Keśarí Hanumán’s putative father had
killed an Asur or demon who appeared in the form of an elephant, and
hence arose the hostility between Vánars and elephants.
942 Here follows the enumeration of Sugríva’s forces which I do not
attempt to follow. It soon reaches a hundred thousand billions.
943 I omit the rest of this canto, which is mere repetition. Rávaṇ gives
in the same words his former answer that the Gods, Gandharvas and
fiends combined shall not force him to give up Sítá. He then orders
Śárdúla to tell him the names of the Vánar chieftains whom he has
seen in Ráma’s army. These have already been mentioned by Śuka and
Sáraṇ.
944 Lakshmí is the Goddess both of beauty and fortune, and is
represented with a lotus in her hand.
945 The poet appears to have forgotten that Śuka and Sáraṇ were
dismissed with ignominy in Canto XXIX, and have not been reinstated.
946 The four who fled with him. Their names are Anala, Panasa, Sampáti,
and Pramati.
947 The numbers here are comparatively moderate: ten thousand elephants,
ten thousand chariots, twenty thousand horses and ten million
giants.
948 The Kinśuk, also called Paláśa, is Butea Frondosa, a tree that bears
beautiful red crescent shaped blossoms and is deservedly a favorite
with poets. The Seemal or Śálmalí is the silk cotton tree which also
bears red blossoms.
949 Varuṇa.
950 The duty of a king to save the lives of his people and avoid
bloodshed until milder methods have been tried in vain.
951 I have omitted several of these single combats, as there is little
variety in the details and each duel results in the victory of the
Vánar or his ally.
952 Yajnaśatru, Mahápárśva, Mahodar, Vajradanshṭra, Śuka, and Sáraṇ.
953 Angad.
954 A mysterious weapon consisting of serpents transformed to arrows
which deprived the wounded object of all sense and power of motion.
955 On each foot, and at the root of each finger.
956 Varuṇ.
957 The name of one of the mystical weapons the command over which was
given by Viśvámitra to Ráma, as related in Book I.
958 One of Sítá’s guard, and her comforter on a former occasion also.
959 The preceptor of the Gods.
960 Ráma’s grandfather.
961 The Gandharvas are warriors and Minstrels of Indra’s heaven.
962 “It is to be understood,” says the commentator, “that this is not
the Akampan who has already been slain.”
963 Rávaṇ’s son, whom Hanumán killed when he first visited Lanká.
964 Níla was the son of Agni the God of Fire, and possessed, like
Milton’s demons, the power of dilating and condensing his form at
pleasure.
965 An ancient king of Ayodhyá said by some to have been Prithu’s
father.
966 The daughter of King Kuśadhwaja. She became an ascetic, and being
insulted by Rávaṇ in the woods where she was performing penance,
destroyed herself by entering fire, but was born again as Sítá to be
in turn the destruction of him who had insulted her.
967 Nandíśvara was Śiva’s chief attendant. Rávaṇ had despised and
laughed at him for appearing in the form of a monkey and the
irritated Nandíśvara cursed him and foretold his destruction by
monkeys.
968 Rávaṇ once upheaved and shook Mount Kailása the favourite dwelling
place of Śiva the consort of Umá, and was cursed in consequence by
the offended Goddess.
969 Rambhá, who has several times been mentioned in the course of the
poem, was one of the nymphs of heaven, and had been insulted by
Rávaṇ.
970 Punjikasthalá was the daughter of Varuṇ. Rávaṇ himself has mentioned
in this book his insult to her, and the curse pronounced in
consequence by Brahmá.
971 Pulastya was the son of Brahmá and father of Viśravas or Paulastya
the father of Rávaṇ and Kumbhakarṇa.
972 I omit a tedious sermon on the danger of rashness and the advantages
of prudence, sufficient to irritate a less passionate hearer than
Rávaṇ.
973 The Bengal recension assigns a very different speech to Kumbhakarṇa
and makes him say that Nárad the messenger of the Gods had formerly
told him that Vishṇu himself incarnate as Daśaratha’s son should
come to destroy Rávaṇ.
974 Mahodar, Dwijihva, Sanhráda, and Vitardan.
975 A name of Vishṇu.
976 There is so much commonplace repetition in these Sallies of the
Rákshas chieftains that omissions are frequently necessary. The
usual ill omens attend the sally of Kumbhakarṇa, and the Canto ends
with a description of the terrified Vánars’ flight which is briefly
repeated in different words at the beginning of the next Canto.
977 Kártikeya the God of War, and the hero and incarnation Paraśuráma
are said to have cut a passage through the mountain Krauncha, a part
of the Himálayan range, in the same way as the immense gorge that
splits the Pyrenees under the towers of Marboré was cloven at one
blow of Roland’s sword Durandal.
978 Rishabh, Śarabh, Níla, Gaváksha, and Gandhamádan.
979 Angad. The text calls him the son of the son of him who holds the
thunderbolt, _i.e._ the grandson of Indra.
980 Literally, weighing a thousand _bháras_. The _bhára_ is a weight
equal to 2000 _palas_, the _pala_ is equal to four _karśas_, and the
_karśa_ to 11375 French grammes or about 176 grains troy. The spear
seems very light for a warrior of Kumbhakarṇa’s strength and stature
and the work performed with it.
981 The custom of throwing parched or roasted grain, with wreaths and
flowers, on the heads of kings and conquerors when they go forth to
battle and return is frequently mentioned by Indian poets.
982 Lakshmaṇ.
983 I have abridged this long Canto by omitting some vain repetitions,
commonplace epithets and similes and other unimportant matter. There
are many verses in this Canto which European scholars would rigidly
exclude as unmistakeably the work of later rhapsodists. Even the
reverent Commentator whom I follow ventures to remark once or twice:
_Ayam śloka prak shipta iti bahavah_, “This _śloka_ or verse is in
the opinion of many interpolated.”
984 Narak was a demon, son of Bhúmi or Earth, who haunted the city
Prágjyotisha.
985 Śambar was a demon of drought.
986 Indra.
987 Devántak (Slayer of Gods) Narántak (Slayer of Men) Atikáya (Huge of
Frame) and Triśirás (Three Headed) were all sons of Rávaṇ.
988 The demon of eclipse who seizes the Sun and Moon.
989 Lakshmaṇ.
990 In such cases as this I am not careful to reproduce the numbers of
the poet, which in the text which I follow are 670000000; the Bengal
recension being content with thirty million less.
991 The discus or quoit, a sharp-edged circular missile is the favourite
weapon of Vishṇu.
992 To destroy Tripura the triple city in the sky, air and earth, built
by Maya for a celebrated Asur or demon, or as another commentator
explains, to destroy Kandarpa or Love.
993 The Lokapálas are sometimes regarded as deities appointed by Brahmá
at the creation of the word to act as guardians of different orders
of beings, but more commonly they are identified with the deities
presiding over the four cardinal and four intermediate points of the
compass, which, according to Manu V. 96, are 1, Indra, guardian of
the East; 2, Agni, of the South-east; 3, Yáma, of the South; 4,
Súrya, of the South-west; 5, Varuṇa, of the West; 6, Pavana or Váyu,
of the North-west; 7, Kuvera, of the North; 8, Soma or Chandra, of
the North-east.
994 The chariots of Rávaṇ’s present army are said to have been one
hundred and fifty million in number with three hundred million
elephants, and twelve hundred million horses and asses. The footmen
are merely said to have been “unnumbered.”
995 It is not very easy to see the advantage of having arrows headed in
the way mentioned. Fanciful names for war-engines and weapons
derived from their resemblance to various animals are not confined
to India. The “War-wolf” was used by Edward I. at the siege of
Brechin, the “Cat-house” and the “Sow” were used by Edward III. at
the siege of Dunbar.
996 Apparently a peak of the Himalaya chain.
997 This exploit of Hanumán is related with inordinate prolixity in the
Bengal recension (Gortesio’s text). Among other adventures he
narrowly escapes being shot by Bharat as he passes over Nandigrama
near Ayodhyá. Hanumán stays Bharat in time, and gives him an account
of what has befallen Ráma and Sítá in the forest and in Lanká.
998 As Garuḍ the king of birds is the mortal enemy of serpents the
weapon sacred to him is of course best calculated to destroy the
serpent arrows of Rávaṇ.
999 The celebrated saint who has on former occasions assisted Ráma with
his gifts and counsel.
1000 Indra.
1001 Yáma.
1002 Kártikeya.
1003 Kubera.
1004 Varuṇ.
1005 The Pitris, forefathers or spirits of the dead, are of two kinds,
either the spirits of the father, grandfathers and
great-grandfathers of an individual or the progenitors of mankind
generally, to both of whom obsequial worship is paid and oblations
of food are presented.
1006 The Maruts or Storm-Gods.
1007 The Heavenly Twins, the Castor and Pollux of the Hindus.
1008 The Man _par excellence_, the representative man and father of the
human race regarded also as God.
1009 The Vasus, a class of deities originally personifications of natural
phenomena.
1010 A class of celestial beings who dwell between the earth and the sun.
1011 The seven horses are supposed to symbolize the seven days of the
week.
1012 One for each month in the year.
1013 The garden of Kuvera, the God of Riches.
1014 The consort of Indra.
1015 The Swayamvara, Self-choice or election of a husband by a princess
or daughter of a Kshatriya at a public assembly of suitors held for
the purpose. For a description of the ceremony see _Nala and
Damayantí_ an episode of the Mahábhárat translated by the late Dean
Milman, and _Idylls from the Sanskrit_.
1016 The Pitris or Manes, the spirits of the dead.
1017 Kuvera, the God of Wealth.
1018 Varuṇ, God of the sea.
1019 Mahádeva or Śiva whose ensign is a bull.
1020 The Address to Ráma, both text and commentary, will be found
literally translated in the Additional Notes. A paraphrase of a
portion is all that I have attempted here.
1021 Rávaṇ’s queen.
1022 Or Maináka.
1023 Here, in the North-west recension, Sítá expresses a wish that Tárá
and the wives of the Vánar chiefs should be invited to accompany her
to Ayodhyá. The car decends, and the Vánar matrons are added to the
party. The Bengal recension ignores this palpable interruption.
1024 The _arghya_, a respectful offering to Gods and venerable men
consisting of rice, dúivá grass, flowers etc., with water.
1025 I have abridged Hanumán’s outline of Ráma’s adventures, with the
details of which we are already sufficiently acquainted.
1026 In these respectful salutations the person who salutes his superior
mentions his own name even when it is well known to the person whom
he salutes.
1027 I have omitted the chieftains’ names as they could not be introduced
without padding. They are Mainda, Dwivid, Níla, Rishabh, Susheṇ,
Nala, Gaváksha, Gandhamádan, Śarabh, and Panas.
1028 The following addition is found in the Bengal recension: But
Vaiśravaṇ (Kuvera) when he beheld his chariot said unto it: “Go, and
carry Ráma, and come unto me when my thought shall call thee, And
the chariot returned unto Ráma;” and he honoured it when he had
heard what had passed.
1029 Here follows in the original an enumeration of the chief blessings
which will attend the man or woman who reads or hears read this tale
of Ráma. These blessings are briefly mentioned at the end of the
first Canto of the first book, and it appears unnecessary to repeat
them here in their amplified form. The Bengal recension (Gorresio’s
edition) gives them more concisely as follows: “This is the great
first poem blessed and glorious, which gives long life to men and
victory to kings, the poem which Válmíki made. He who listens to
this wondrous tale of Ráma unwearied in action shall be absolved
from all his sins. By listening to the deeds of Ráma he who wishes
for sons shall obtain his heart’s desire, and to him who longs for
riches shall riches be given. The virgin who asks for a husband
shall obtain a husband suited to her mind, and shall meet again her
dear kinsfolk who are far away. They who hear this poem which
Válmíki made shall obtain all their desires and all their prayers
shall be fulfilled.”
_ 1030 The Academy_, Vol. III., No 43, contains an able and interesting
notice of this work from the pen of the Professor of Sanskrit in the
University of Cambridge: “The _Uttarakáṇḍa_,” Mr. Cowell remarks,
“bears the same relation to the _Rámáyaṇa_ as the Cyclic poems to
the _Iliad_. Just as the _Cypria_ of Stasinus, the _Æthiopis_ of
Arctinus, and the little _Iliad_ of Lesches completed the story of
the _Iliad_, and not only added the series of events which preceded
and followed it, but also founded episodes of their own on isolated
allusions in Homer, so the _Uttarakáṇḍa_ is intended to complete the
_Rámáyaṇa_, and at the same time to supplement it by intervening
episodes to explain casual allusions or isolated incidents which
occur in it. Thus the early history of the giant Rávaṇa and his
family fills nearly forty Chapters, and we have a full account of
his wars with the gods and his conquest of Lanká, which all happened
long before the action of the poem commences, just as the _Cypria_
narrated the birth and early history of Helen, and the two
expeditions of the Greeks against Troy; and the latter chapters
continue the history of the hero Ráma after his triumphant return to
his paternal kingdom, and the poem closes with his death and that of
his brothers, and the founding by their descendants of various
kingdoms in different parts of India.”
1031 MUIR, _Sanskrit Texts,_ Part IV., pp. 414 ff.
1032 MUIR, _Sanskrit Texts_, Part IV., 391, 392.
1033 See _Academy_, III., 43.
_ 1034 Academy_, Vol. III., No. 43.
1035 E. B. Cowell. _Academy_, No. 43. The story of Sítá’s banishment will
be found roughly translated from the _Raghuvaṇśa_, in the Additional
Notes.
1036 E. B. Cowell. _Academy_, Vol, III, No. 43.
1037 MUIR, _Sanskrit Texts_, Part IV., Appendix.
1038 Ghí: clarified butter. Gur: molasses.
1039 Haridwar (Anglicè Hurdwar) where the Ganges enters the plain
country.
1040 Campbell in “Journ. As. Soc. Bengal,” 1866, Part ii. p. 132; Latham,
“Descr. Eth.” Vol. ii. p. 456; Tod, “Annals of Rajasthan,” Vol. i.
p. 114.
1041 Said by the commentator to be an eastern people between the
Himálayan and Vindhyan chains.
1042 Videha was a district in the province of Behar, the ancient Mithilá
or the modern Tirhoot.
1043 The people of Malwa.
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Next - The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 85
  • Parts
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 01
    Total number of words is 3904
    Total number of unique words is 1219
    38.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    55.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    64.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 02
    Total number of words is 4666
    Total number of unique words is 1538
    44.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 03
    Total number of words is 4715
    Total number of unique words is 1404
    48.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    78.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 04
    Total number of words is 4762
    Total number of unique words is 1403
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 05
    Total number of words is 4754
    Total number of unique words is 1417
    47.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 06
    Total number of words is 4752
    Total number of unique words is 1403
    44.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 07
    Total number of words is 4711
    Total number of unique words is 1439
    46.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 08
    Total number of words is 4724
    Total number of unique words is 1422
    44.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 09
    Total number of words is 4640
    Total number of unique words is 1465
    43.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 10
    Total number of words is 4760
    Total number of unique words is 1360
    48.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 11
    Total number of words is 4703
    Total number of unique words is 1385
    43.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 12
    Total number of words is 4772
    Total number of unique words is 1461
    46.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 13
    Total number of words is 4724
    Total number of unique words is 1469
    46.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 14
    Total number of words is 4899
    Total number of unique words is 1463
    45.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 15
    Total number of words is 4820
    Total number of unique words is 1491
    43.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 16
    Total number of words is 4877
    Total number of unique words is 1462
    46.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 17
    Total number of words is 4853
    Total number of unique words is 1380
    47.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 18
    Total number of words is 4929
    Total number of unique words is 1373
    46.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 19
    Total number of words is 4856
    Total number of unique words is 1421
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 20
    Total number of words is 4846
    Total number of unique words is 1378
    47.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 21
    Total number of words is 4874
    Total number of unique words is 1406
    47.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 22
    Total number of words is 4811
    Total number of unique words is 1348
    48.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 23
    Total number of words is 4761
    Total number of unique words is 1379
    48.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 24
    Total number of words is 4936
    Total number of unique words is 1487
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 25
    Total number of words is 4772
    Total number of unique words is 1541
    45.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 26
    Total number of words is 4808
    Total number of unique words is 1443
    47.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 27
    Total number of words is 4679
    Total number of unique words is 1498
    44.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 28
    Total number of words is 4761
    Total number of unique words is 1438
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 29
    Total number of words is 4703
    Total number of unique words is 1559
    41.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 30
    Total number of words is 4867
    Total number of unique words is 1422
    47.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    78.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 31
    Total number of words is 4810
    Total number of unique words is 1432
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 32
    Total number of words is 4709
    Total number of unique words is 1370
    46.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 33
    Total number of words is 4770
    Total number of unique words is 1457
    45.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 34
    Total number of words is 4780
    Total number of unique words is 1387
    45.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 35
    Total number of words is 4681
    Total number of unique words is 1428
    43.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 36
    Total number of words is 4759
    Total number of unique words is 1530
    43.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 37
    Total number of words is 4735
    Total number of unique words is 1384
    42.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 38
    Total number of words is 4759
    Total number of unique words is 1454
    44.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 39
    Total number of words is 4807
    Total number of unique words is 1504
    44.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 40
    Total number of words is 4878
    Total number of unique words is 1432
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 41
    Total number of words is 4896
    Total number of unique words is 1500
    45.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 42
    Total number of words is 4900
    Total number of unique words is 1473
    46.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 43
    Total number of words is 4986
    Total number of unique words is 1363
    46.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 44
    Total number of words is 4868
    Total number of unique words is 1391
    45.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 45
    Total number of words is 4819
    Total number of unique words is 1376
    46.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 46
    Total number of words is 4755
    Total number of unique words is 1413
    43.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 47
    Total number of words is 4799
    Total number of unique words is 1427
    45.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 48
    Total number of words is 4940
    Total number of unique words is 1357
    47.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    78.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 49
    Total number of words is 4843
    Total number of unique words is 1424
    45.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 50
    Total number of words is 4911
    Total number of unique words is 1428
    44.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 51
    Total number of words is 4847
    Total number of unique words is 1494
    46.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 52
    Total number of words is 4791
    Total number of unique words is 1553
    41.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 53
    Total number of words is 4737
    Total number of unique words is 1462
    43.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 54
    Total number of words is 4644
    Total number of unique words is 1404
    41.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 55
    Total number of words is 4784
    Total number of unique words is 1449
    44.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 56
    Total number of words is 4792
    Total number of unique words is 1452
    45.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 57
    Total number of words is 4729
    Total number of unique words is 1543
    40.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 58
    Total number of words is 4881
    Total number of unique words is 1501
    44.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 59
    Total number of words is 4847
    Total number of unique words is 1421
    44.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 60
    Total number of words is 4776
    Total number of unique words is 1533
    43.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 61
    Total number of words is 4730
    Total number of unique words is 1553
    43.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 62
    Total number of words is 4760
    Total number of unique words is 1400
    45.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 63
    Total number of words is 4700
    Total number of unique words is 1483
    41.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 64
    Total number of words is 4757
    Total number of unique words is 1458
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 65
    Total number of words is 4747
    Total number of unique words is 1419
    45.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 66
    Total number of words is 4718
    Total number of unique words is 1348
    41.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 67
    Total number of words is 4776
    Total number of unique words is 1356
    45.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 68
    Total number of words is 4778
    Total number of unique words is 1429
    42.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 69
    Total number of words is 4743
    Total number of unique words is 1436
    42.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 70
    Total number of words is 4794
    Total number of unique words is 1377
    46.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 71
    Total number of words is 4664
    Total number of unique words is 1472
    43.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 72
    Total number of words is 4581
    Total number of unique words is 2110
    15.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    20.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    23.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 73
    Total number of words is 4900
    Total number of unique words is 1538
    40.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 74
    Total number of words is 4757
    Total number of unique words is 1554
    44.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 75
    Total number of words is 4477
    Total number of unique words is 1819
    33.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    48.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    54.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 76
    Total number of words is 4533
    Total number of unique words is 1600
    37.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    54.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    61.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 77
    Total number of words is 3914
    Total number of unique words is 1417
    35.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    52.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    60.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 78
    Total number of words is 1809
    Total number of unique words is 1135
    20.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    26.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    28.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 79
    Total number of words is 4159
    Total number of unique words is 1556
    34.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    49.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    56.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 80
    Total number of words is 4149
    Total number of unique words is 1488
    35.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    51.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    58.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 81
    Total number of words is 4021
    Total number of unique words is 1539
    36.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    51.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    59.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 82
    Total number of words is 4137
    Total number of unique words is 1539
    35.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    51.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    57.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 83
    Total number of words is 4145
    Total number of unique words is 1438
    35.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    51.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    57.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 84
    Total number of words is 4154
    Total number of unique words is 1439
    36.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    55.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    62.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • The Rámáyan of Válmíki - 85
    Total number of words is 2172
    Total number of unique words is 758
    38.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    50.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    57.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.