Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 074

Total number of words is 5152
Total number of unique words is 1399
48.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
67.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
76.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
more manifest in it than in any other art; aperitive medicines are proper
for a man subject to the stone, by reason that opening and dilating the
passages they help forward the slimy matter whereof gravel and stone are
engendered, and convey that downward which begins to harden and gather in
the reins; aperitive things are dangerous for a man subject to the stone,
by reason that, opening and dilating the passages, they help forward the
matter proper to create the gravel toward the reins, which by their own
propension being apt to seize it, ‘tis not to be imagined but that a
great deal of what has been conveyed thither must remain behind;
moreover, if the medicine happen to meet with anything too large to be
carried through all the narrow passages it must pass to be expelled, that
obstruction, whatever it is, being stirred by these aperitive things and
thrown into those narrow passages, coming to stop them, will occasion a
certain and most painful death. They have the like uniformity in the
counsels they give us for the regimen of life: it is good to make water
often; for we experimentally see that, in letting it lie long in the
bladder, we give it time to settle the sediment, which will concrete into
a stone; it is good not to make water often, for the heavy excrements it
carries along with it will not be voided without violence, as we see by
experience that a torrent that runs with force washes the ground it rolls
over much cleaner than the course of a slow and tardy stream; so, it is
good to have often to do with women, for that opens the passages and
helps to evacuate gravel; it is also very ill to have often to do with
women, because it heats, tires, and weakens the reins. It is good to
bathe frequently in hot water, forasmuch as that relaxes and mollifies
the places where the gravel and stone lie; it is also ill by reason that
this application of external heat helps the reins to bake, harden, and
petrify the matter so disposed. For those who are taking baths it is
most healthful. To eat little at night, to the end that the waters they
are to drink the next morning may have a better operation upon an empty
stomach; on the other hand, it is better to eat little at dinner, that it
hinder not the operation of the waters, while it is not yet perfect, and
not to oppress the stomach so soon after the other labour, but leave the
office of digestion to the night, which will much better perform it than
the day, when the body and soul are in perpetual moving and action. Thus
do they juggle and trifle in all their discourses at our expense; and
they could not give me one proposition against which I should not know
how to raise a contrary of equal force. Let them, then, no longer
exclaim against those who in this trouble of sickness suffer themselves
to be gently guided by their own appetite and the advice of nature, and
commit themselves to the common fortune.
I have seen in my travels almost all the famous baths of Christendom, and
for some years past have begun to make use of them myself: for I look
upon bathing as generally wholesome, and believe that we suffer no little
inconveniences in our health by having left off the custom that was
generally observed, in former times, almost by all nations, and is yet in
many, of bathing every day; and I cannot imagine but that we are much the
worse by, having our limbs crusted and our pores stopped with dirt. And
as to the drinking of them, fortune has in the first place rendered them
not at all unacceptable to my taste; and secondly, they are natural and
simple, which at least carry no danger with them, though they may do us
no good, of which the infinite crowd of people of all sorts and
complexions who repair thither I take to be a sufficient warranty; and
although I have not there observed any extraordinary and miraculous
effects, but that on the contrary, having more narrowly than ordinary
inquired into it, I have found all the reports of such operations that
have been spread abroad in those places ill-grounded and false, and those
that believe them (as people are willing to be gulled in what they
desire) deceived in them, yet I have seldom known any who have been made
worse by those waters, and a man cannot honestly deny but that they beget
a better appetite, help digestion, and do in some sort revive us, if we
do not go too late and in too weak a condition, which I would dissuade
every one from doing. They have not the virtue to raise men from
desperate and inveterate diseases, but they may help some light
indisposition, or prevent some threatening alteration. He who does not
bring along with him so much cheerfulness as to enjoy the pleasure of the
company he will there meet, and of the walks and exercises to which the
amenity of those places invite us, will doubtless lose the best and
surest part of their effect. For this reason I have hitherto chosen to
go to those of the most pleasant situation, where there was the best
conveniency of lodging, provision, and company, as the baths of Bagneres
in France, those of Plombieres on the frontiers of Germany and Lorraine,
those of Baden in Switzerland, those of Lucca in Tuscany, and especially
those of Della Villa, which I have the most and at various seasons
frequented.
Every nation has particular opinions touching their use, and particular
rules and methods in using them; and all of them, according to what I
have seen, almost with like effect. Drinking them is not at all received
in Germany; the Germans bathe for all diseases, and will lie dabbling in
the water almost from sun to sun; in Italy, where they drink nine days,
they bathe at least thirty, and commonly drink the water mixed with some
other drugs to make it work the better. Here we are ordered to walk to
digest it; there we are kept in bed after taking it till it be wrought
off, our stomachs and feet having continually hot cloths applied to them
all the while; and as the Germans have a particular practice generally to
use cupping and scarification in the bath, so the Italians have their
‘doccie’, which are certain little streams of this hot water brought
through pipes, and with these bathe an hour in the morning, and as much
in the afternoon, for a month together, either the head, stomach, or any
other part where the evil lies. There are infinite other varieties of
customs in every country, or rather there is no manner of resemblance to
one another. By this you may see that this little part of physic to
which I have only submitted, though the least depending upon art of all
others, has yet a great share of the confusion and uncertainty everywhere
else manifest in the profession.
The poets put what they would say with greater emphasis and grace;
witness these two epigrams:
“Alcon hesterno signum Jovis attigit: ille,
Quamvis marmoreus, vim patitur medici.
Ecce hodie, jussus transferri ex aeede vetusta,
Effertur, quamvis sit Deus atque lapis.”
[“Alcon yesterday touched Jove’s statue; he, although marble,
suffers the force of the physician: to-day ordered to be transferred
from the old temple, where it stood, it is carried out, although it
be a god and a stone.”--Ausonius, Ep., 74.]

and the other:
“Lotus nobiscum est, hilaris coenavit; et idem
Inventus mane est mortuus Andragoras.
Tam subitae mortis causam, Faustine, requiris?
In somnis medicum viderat Hermocratem:”
[“Andragoras bathed with us, supped gaily, and in the morning the
same was found dead. Dost thou ask, Faustinus, the cause of this so
sudden death? In his dreams he had seen the physician Hermocrates.”
--Martial, vi. 53.]
upon which I will relate two stories.
The Baron de Caupene in Chalosse and I have betwixt us the advowson of a
benefice of great extent, at the foot of our mountains, called Lahontan.
It is with the inhabitants of this angle, as ‘tis said of those of the
Val d’Angrougne; they lived a peculiar sort of life, their fashions,
clothes, and manners distinct from other people; ruled and governed by
certain particular laws and usages, received from father to son, to which
they submitted, without other constraint than the reverence to custom.
This little state had continued from all antiquity in so happy a
condition, that no neighbouring judge was ever put to the trouble of
inquiring into their doings; no advocate was ever retained to give them
counsel, no stranger ever called in to compose their differences; nor was
ever any of them seen to go a-begging. They avoided all alliances and
traffic with the outer world, that they might not corrupt the purity of
their own government; till, as they say, one of them, in the memory of
man, having a mind spurred on with a noble ambition, took it into his
head, to bring his name into credit and reputation, to make one of his
sons something more than ordinary, and having put him to learn to write
in a neighbouring town, made him at last a brave village notary. This
fellow, having acquired such dignity, began to disdain their ancient
customs, and to buzz into the people’s ears the pomp of the other parts
of the nation; the first prank he played was to advise a friend of his,
whom somebody had offended by sawing off the horns of one of his goats,
to make his complaint to the royal judges thereabout, and so he went on
from one to another, till he had spoiled and confounded all. In the tail
of this corruption, they say, there happened another, and of worse
consequence, by means of a physician, who, falling in love with one of
their daughters, had a mind to marry her and to live amongst them. This
man first of all began to teach them the names of fevers, colds, and
imposthumes; the seat of the heart, liver, and intestines, a science till
then utterly unknown to them; and instead of garlic, with which they were
wont to cure all manner of diseases, how painful or extreme soever, he
taught them, though it were but for a cough or any little cold, to take
strange mixtures, and began to make a trade not only of their health, but
of their lives. They swear till then they never perceived the evening
air to be offensive to the head; that to drink when they were hot was
hurtful, and that the winds of autumn were more unwholesome than those of
spring; that, since this use of physic, they find themselves oppressed
with a legion of unaccustomed diseases, and that they perceive a general
decay in their ancient vigour, and their lives are cut shorter by the
half. This is the first of my stories.
The other is, that before I was afflicted with the stone, hearing that
the blood of a he-goat was with many in very great esteem, and looked
upon as a celestial manna rained down upon these latter ages for the good
and preservation of the lives of men, and having heard it spoken of by
men of understanding for an admirable drug, and of infallible operation;
I, who have ever thought myself subject to all the accidents that can
befall other men, had a mind, in my perfect health, to furnish myself
with this miracle, and therefore gave order to have a goat fed at home
according to the recipe: for he must be taken in the hottest month of all
summer, and must only have aperitive herbs given him to eat, and white
wine to drink. I came home by chance the very day he was to be killed;
and some one came and told me that the cook had found two or three great
balls in his paunch, that rattled against one another amongst what he had
eaten. I was curious to have all his entrails brought before me, where,
having caused the skin that enclosed them to be cut, there tumbled out
three great lumps, as light as sponges, so that they appeared to be
hollow, but as to the rest, hard and firm without, and spotted and mixed
all over with various dead colours; one was perfectly round, and of the
bigness of an ordinary ball; the other two something less, of an
imperfect roundness, as seeming not to be arrived at their, full growth.
I find, by inquiry of people accustomed to open these animals, that it is
a rare and unusual accident. ‘Tis likely these are stones of the same
nature with ours and if so, it must needs be a very vain hope in
those who have the stone, to extract their cure from the blood of a beast
that was himself about to die of the same disease. For to say that the
blood does not participate of this contagion, and does not thence alter
its wonted virtue, it is rather to be believed that nothing is engendered
in a body but by the conspiracy and communication of all the parts: the
whole mass works together, though one part contributes more to the work
than another, according to the diversity of operations; wherefore it is
very likely that there was some petrifying quality in all the parts of
this goat. It was not so much for fear of the future, and for myself,
that I was curious in this experiment, but because it falls out in mine,
as it does in many other families, that the women store up such little
trumperies for the service of the people, using the same recipe in fifty
several diseases, and such a recipe as they will not take themselves, and
yet triumph when they happen to be successful.
As to what remains, I honour physicians, not according to the precept
for their necessity (for to this passage may be opposed another of the
prophet reproving King Asa for having recourse to a physician), but for
themselves, having known many very good men of that profession, and most
worthy to be beloved. I do not attack them; ‘tis their art I inveigh
against, and do not much blame them for making their advantage of our
folly, for most men do the same. Many callings, both of greater and of
less dignity than theirs, have no other foundation or support than public
abuse. When I am sick I send for them if they be near, only to have
their company, and pay them as others do. I give them leave to command
me to keep myself warm, because I naturally love to do it, and to appoint
leeks or lettuce for my broth; to order me white wine or claret; and so
as to all other things, which are indifferent to my palate and custom.
I know very well that I do nothing for them in so doing, because
sharpness and strangeness are incidents of the very essence of physic.
Lycurgus ordered wine for the sick Spartans. Why? because they
abominated the drinking it when they were well; as a gentleman, a
neighbour of mine, takes it as an excellent medicine in his fever,
because naturally he mortally hates the taste of it. How many do we see
amongst them of my humour, who despise taking physic themselves, are men
of a liberal diet, and live a quite contrary sort of life to what they
prescribe others? What is this but flatly to abuse our simplicity? for
their own lives and health are no less dear to them than ours are to us,
and consequently they would accommodate their practice to their rules, if
they did not themselves know how false these are.
‘Tis the fear of death and of pain, impatience of disease, and a violent
and indiscreet desire of a present cure, that so blind us: ‘tis pure
cowardice that makes our belief so pliable and easy to be imposed upon:
and yet most men do not so much believe as they acquiesce and permit; for
I hear them find fault and complain as well as we; but they resolve at
last, “What should I do then?” As if impatience were of itself a better
remedy than patience. Is there any one of those who have suffered
themselves to be persuaded into this miserable subjection, who does not
equally surrender himself to all sorts of impostures? who does not give
up himself to the mercy of whoever has the impudence to promise him a
cure? The Babylonians carried their sick into the public square; the
physician was the people: every one who passed by being in humanity and
civility obliged to inquire of their condition, gave some advice
according to his own experience. We do little better; there is not so
simple a woman, whose gossips and drenches we do not make use of: and
according to my humour, if I were to take physic, I would sooner choose
to take theirs than any other, because at least, if they do no good, they
will do no harm. What Homer and Plato said of the Egyptians, that they
were all physicians, may be said of all nations; there is not a man
amongst any of them who does not boast of some rare recipe, and who will
not venture it upon his neighbour, if he will let him. I was the other
day in a company where one, I know not who, of my fraternity brought us
intelligence of a new sort of pills made up of a hundred and odd
ingredients: it made us very merry, and was a singular consolation, for
what rock could withstand so great a battery? And yet I hear from those
who have made trial of it, that the least atom of gravel deigned not to
stir fort.
I cannot take my hand from the paper before I have added a word
concerning the assurance they give us of the certainty of their drugs,
from the experiments they have made.
The greatest part, I should say above two-thirds of the medicinal
virtues, consist in the quintessence or occult property of simples,
of which we can have no other instruction than use and custom; for
quintessence is no other than a quality of which we cannot by our reason
find out the cause. In such proofs, those they pretend to have acquired
by the inspiration of some daemon, I am content to receive (for I meddle
not with miracles); and also the proofs which are drawn from things that,
upon some other account, often fall into use amongst us; as if in the
wool, wherewith we are wont to clothe ourselves, there has accidentally
some occult desiccative property been found out of curing kibed heels, or
as if in the radish we eat for food there has been found out some
aperitive operation. Galen reports, that a man happened to be cured of a
leprosy by drinking wine out of a vessel into which a viper had crept by
chance. In this example we find the means and a very likely guide and
conduct to this experience, as we also do in those that physicians
pretend to have been directed to by the example of some beasts. But in
most of their other experiments wherein they affirm they have been
conducted by fortune, and to have had no other guide than chance, I find
the progress of this information incredible. Suppose man looking round
about him upon the infinite number of things, plants, animals, metals;
I do not know where he would begin his trial; and though his first fancy
should fix him upon an elk’s horn, wherein there must be a very pliant
and easy belief, he will yet find himself as perplexed in his second
operation. There are so many maladies and so many circumstances
presented to him, that before he can attain the certainty of the point to
which the perfection of his experience should arrive, human sense will be
at the end of its lesson: and before he can, amongst this infinity of
things, find out what this horn is; amongst so many diseases, what is
epilepsy; the many complexions in a melancholy person; the many seasons
in winter; the many nations in the French; the many ages in age; the many
celestial mutations in the conjunction of Venus and Saturn; the many
parts in man’s body, nay, in a finger; and being, in all this, directed
neither by argument, conjecture, example, nor divine inspirations, but
merely by the sole motion of fortune, it must be by a perfectly
artificial, regular and methodical fortune. And after the cure is
performed, how can he assure himself that it was not because the disease
had arrived at its period or an effect of chance? or the operation of
something else that he had eaten, drunk, or touched that day? or by
virtue of his grandmother’s prayers? And, moreover, had this experiment
been perfect, how many times was it repeated, and this long bead-roll of
haps, and concurrences strung anew by chance to conclude a certain rule?
And when the rule is concluded, by whom, I pray you? Of so many
millions, there are but three men who take upon them to record their
experiments: must fortune needs just hit one of these? What if another,
and a hundred others, have made contrary experiments? We might,
peradventure, have some light in this, were all the judgments and
arguments of men known to us; but that three witnesses, three doctors,
should lord it over all mankind, is against reason: it were necessary
that human nature should have deputed and chosen them out, and that they
were declared our comptrollers by express procuration:

“TO MADAME DE DURAS.
--[Marguerite de Grammont, widow of Jean de Durfort, Seigneur de
Duras, who was killed near Leghorn, leaving no posterity. Montaigne
seems to have been on terms of considerable intimacy with her, and
to have tendered her some very wholesome and frank advice in regard
to her relations with Henry IV.]--
“MADAME,--The last time you honoured me with a visit, you found me at work
upon this chapter, and as these trifles may one day fall into your hands,
I would also that they testify in how great honour the author will take
any favour you shall please to show them. You will there find the same
air and mien you have observed in his conversation; and though I could
have borrowed some better or more favourable garb than my own, I would
not have done it: for I require nothing more of these writings, but to
present me to your memory such as I naturally am. The same conditions
and faculties you have been pleased to frequent and receive with much
more honour and courtesy than they deserve, I would put together (but
without alteration or change) in one solid body, that may peradventure
continue some years, or some days, after I am gone; where you may find
them again when you shall please to refresh your memory, without putting
you to any greater trouble; neither are they worth it. I desire you
should continue the favour of your friendship to me, by the same
qualities by which it was acquired.
“I am not at all ambitious that any one should love and esteem me more
dead than living. The humour of Tiberius is ridiculous, but yet common,
who was more solicitous to extend his renown to posterity than to render
himself acceptable to men of his own time. If I were one of those to
whom the world could owe commendation, I would give out of it one-half to
have the other in hand; let their praises come quick and crowding about
me, more thick than long, more full than durable; and let them cease, in
God’s name, with my own knowledge of them, and when the sweet sound can
no longer pierce my ears. It were an idle humour to essay, now that I am
about to forsake the commerce of men, to offer myself to them by a new
recommendation. I make no account of the goods I could not employ in the
service of my life. Such as I am, I will be elsewhere than in paper: my
art and industry have been ever directed to render myself good for
something; my studies, to teach me to do, and not to write. I have made
it my whole business to frame my life: this has been my trade and my
work; I am less a writer of books than anything else. I have coveted
understanding for the service of my present and real conveniences, and
not to lay up a stock for my posterity. He who has anything of value in
him, let him make it appear in his conduct, in his ordinary discourses,
in his courtships, and his quarrels: in play, in bed, at table, in the
management of his affairs, in his economics. Those whom I see make good
books in ill breeches, should first have mended their breeches, if they
would have been ruled by me. Ask a Spartan whether he had rather be a
good orator or a good soldier: and if I was asked the same question, I
would rather choose to be a good cook, had I not one already to serve me.
My God! Madame, how should I hate such a recommendation of being a
clever fellow at writing, and an ass and an inanity in everything else!
Yet I had rather be a fool both here and there than to have made so ill a
choice wherein to employ my talent. And I am so far from expecting to
gain any new reputation by these follies, that I shall think I come off
pretty well if I lose nothing by them of that little I had before. For
besides that this dead and mute painting will take from my natural being,
it has no resemblance to my better condition, but is much lapsed from my
former vigour and cheerfulness, growing faded and withered: I am towards
the bottom of the barrel, which begins to taste of the lees.
“As to the rest, Madame, I should not have dared to make so bold with the
mysteries of physic, considering the esteem that you and so many others
have of it, had I not had encouragement from their own authors. I think
there are of these among the old Latin writers but two, Pliny and Celsus
if these ever fall into your hands, you will find that they speak much
more rudely of their art than I do; I but pinch it, they cut its throat.
Pliny, amongst other things, twits them with this, that when they are at
the end of their rope, they have a pretty device to save themselves, by
recommending their patients, whom they have teased and tormented with
their drugs and diets to no purpose, some to vows and miracles, others to
the hot baths. (Be not angry, Madame; he speaks not of those in our
parts, which are under the protection of your house, and all Gramontins.)
They have a third way of saving their own credit, of ridding their hands
of us and securing themselves from the reproaches we might cast in their
teeth of our little amendment, when they have had us so long in their
hands that they have not one more invention left wherewith to amuse us,
which is to send us to the better air of some other country. This,
Madame, is enough; I hope you will give me leave to return to my
discourse, from which I have so far digressed, the better to divert you.”
It was, I think, Pericles, who being asked how he did: “You may judge,”
says he, “by these,” showing some little scrolls of parchment he had tied
about his neck and arms. By which he would infer that he must needs be
very sick when he was reduced to a necessity of having recourse to such
idle and vain fopperies, and of suffering himself to be so equipped.
I dare not promise but that I may one day be so much a fool as to commit
my life and death to the mercy and government of physicians; I may fall
into such a frenzy; I dare not be responsible for my future constancy:
but then, if any one ask me how I do, I may also answer, as Pericles did,
“You may judge by this,” shewing my hand clutching six drachms of opium.
It will be a very evident sign of a violent sickness: my judgment will be
very much out of order; if once fear and impatience get such an advantage
over me, it may very well be concluded that there is a dreadful fever in
my mind.
I have taken the pains to plead this cause, which I understand
indifferently, a little to back and support the natural aversion to drugs
and the practice of physic I have derived from my ancestors, to the end
it may not be a mere stupid and inconsiderate aversion, but have a little
more form; and also, that they who shall see me so obstinate in my
resolution against all exhortations and menaces that shall be given me,
when my infirmity shall press hardest upon me, may not think ‘tis mere
obstinacy in me; or any one so ill-natured as to judge it to be any
motive of glory: for it would be a strange ambition to seek to gain
honour by an action my gardener or my groom can perform as well as I.
Certainly, I have not a heart so tumorous and windy, that I should
exchange so solid a pleasure as health for an airy and imaginary
pleasure: glory, even that of the Four Sons of Aymon, is too dear bought
by a man of my humour, if it cost him three swinging fits of the stone.
Give me health, in God’s name! Such as love physic, may also have good,
great, and convincing considerations; I do not hate opinions contrary to
my own: I am so, far from being angry to see a discrepancy betwixt mine
and other men’s judgments, and from rendering myself unfit for the
society of men, from being of another sense and party than mine, that on
the contrary (the most general way that nature has followed being
You have read 1 text from English literature.
Next - Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 075
  • Parts
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 001
    Total number of words is 4708
    Total number of unique words is 1598
    44.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 002
    Total number of words is 5059
    Total number of unique words is 1424
    51.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    72.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    79.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 003
    Total number of words is 5128
    Total number of unique words is 1411
    53.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    73.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    81.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 004
    Total number of words is 5029
    Total number of unique words is 1384
    49.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    70.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    79.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 005
    Total number of words is 4749
    Total number of unique words is 1573
    45.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 006
    Total number of words is 4879
    Total number of unique words is 1610
    43.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 007
    Total number of words is 4965
    Total number of unique words is 1488
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 008
    Total number of words is 4760
    Total number of unique words is 1530
    43.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 009
    Total number of words is 4876
    Total number of unique words is 1573
    42.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 010
    Total number of words is 4837
    Total number of unique words is 1547
    43.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 011
    Total number of words is 4909
    Total number of unique words is 1484
    45.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 012
    Total number of words is 4949
    Total number of unique words is 1555
    46.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 013
    Total number of words is 4913
    Total number of unique words is 1493
    44.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 014
    Total number of words is 4929
    Total number of unique words is 1477
    46.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 015
    Total number of words is 4886
    Total number of unique words is 1462
    44.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 016
    Total number of words is 4997
    Total number of unique words is 1406
    47.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 017
    Total number of words is 4913
    Total number of unique words is 1511
    42.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 018
    Total number of words is 4865
    Total number of unique words is 1582
    41.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 019
    Total number of words is 4860
    Total number of unique words is 1526
    40.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    65.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 020
    Total number of words is 4766
    Total number of unique words is 1450
    44.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 021
    Total number of words is 4804
    Total number of unique words is 1475
    43.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 022
    Total number of words is 4967
    Total number of unique words is 1530
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 023
    Total number of words is 5004
    Total number of unique words is 1529
    48.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 024
    Total number of words is 4791
    Total number of unique words is 1617
    42.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 025
    Total number of words is 4729
    Total number of unique words is 1455
    43.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 026
    Total number of words is 4895
    Total number of unique words is 1515
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 027
    Total number of words is 4959
    Total number of unique words is 1557
    46.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 028
    Total number of words is 4818
    Total number of unique words is 1586
    41.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 029
    Total number of words is 4939
    Total number of unique words is 1550
    44.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 030
    Total number of words is 4888
    Total number of unique words is 1554
    43.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 031
    Total number of words is 4799
    Total number of unique words is 1558
    43.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 032
    Total number of words is 4784
    Total number of unique words is 1667
    41.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 033
    Total number of words is 4887
    Total number of unique words is 1531
    43.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 034
    Total number of words is 4763
    Total number of unique words is 1493
    43.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 035
    Total number of words is 4777
    Total number of unique words is 1645
    41.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    59.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 036
    Total number of words is 4812
    Total number of unique words is 1566
    42.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    59.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 037
    Total number of words is 4976
    Total number of unique words is 1462
    49.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 038
    Total number of words is 4949
    Total number of unique words is 1441
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 039
    Total number of words is 5086
    Total number of unique words is 1415
    51.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    69.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 040
    Total number of words is 5052
    Total number of unique words is 1412
    48.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 041
    Total number of words is 4988
    Total number of unique words is 1425
    45.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 042
    Total number of words is 4890
    Total number of unique words is 1427
    45.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 043
    Total number of words is 4805
    Total number of unique words is 1532
    42.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 044
    Total number of words is 4969
    Total number of unique words is 1416
    43.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 045
    Total number of words is 4977
    Total number of unique words is 1478
    45.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 046
    Total number of words is 4918
    Total number of unique words is 1668
    39.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    65.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 047
    Total number of words is 4959
    Total number of unique words is 1609
    42.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 048
    Total number of words is 4840
    Total number of unique words is 1635
    39.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    55.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    63.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 049
    Total number of words is 4930
    Total number of unique words is 1436
    40.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 050
    Total number of words is 4742
    Total number of unique words is 1530
    38.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    56.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 051
    Total number of words is 4932
    Total number of unique words is 1515
    39.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    55.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    63.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 052
    Total number of words is 4878
    Total number of unique words is 1578
    39.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    56.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    63.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 053
    Total number of words is 4811
    Total number of unique words is 1523
    37.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    55.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    63.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 054
    Total number of words is 4864
    Total number of unique words is 1534
    40.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 055
    Total number of words is 5000
    Total number of unique words is 1419
    44.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 056
    Total number of words is 4864
    Total number of unique words is 1592
    41.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 057
    Total number of words is 4881
    Total number of unique words is 1518
    40.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 058
    Total number of words is 4940
    Total number of unique words is 1472
    43.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    59.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 059
    Total number of words is 4669
    Total number of unique words is 1557
    41.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 060
    Total number of words is 4782
    Total number of unique words is 1505
    42.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    59.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 061
    Total number of words is 4884
    Total number of unique words is 1465
    42.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 062
    Total number of words is 4856
    Total number of unique words is 1555
    44.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 063
    Total number of words is 5006
    Total number of unique words is 1462
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 064
    Total number of words is 4849
    Total number of unique words is 1491
    43.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 065
    Total number of words is 4893
    Total number of unique words is 1511
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 066
    Total number of words is 4875
    Total number of unique words is 1533
    43.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 067
    Total number of words is 4837
    Total number of unique words is 1566
    44.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 068
    Total number of words is 4970
    Total number of unique words is 1520
    46.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 069
    Total number of words is 4964
    Total number of unique words is 1446
    46.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 070
    Total number of words is 4908
    Total number of unique words is 1469
    45.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 071
    Total number of words is 4980
    Total number of unique words is 1412
    51.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 072
    Total number of words is 4907
    Total number of unique words is 1449
    45.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 073
    Total number of words is 4977
    Total number of unique words is 1409
    46.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 074
    Total number of words is 5152
    Total number of unique words is 1399
    48.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 075
    Total number of words is 4857
    Total number of unique words is 1438
    45.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 076
    Total number of words is 4965
    Total number of unique words is 1454
    45.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.0 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 077
    Total number of words is 5078
    Total number of unique words is 1423
    45.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.6 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 078
    Total number of words is 4990
    Total number of unique words is 1458
    45.1 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 079
    Total number of words is 4812
    Total number of unique words is 1564
    46.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 080
    Total number of words is 4787
    Total number of unique words is 1621
    40.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 081
    Total number of words is 4763
    Total number of unique words is 1615
    42.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    57.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    66.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 082
    Total number of words is 4779
    Total number of unique words is 1548
    44.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    67.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 083
    Total number of words is 4866
    Total number of unique words is 1555
    42.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 084
    Total number of words is 4776
    Total number of unique words is 1557
    42.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.6 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 085
    Total number of words is 4785
    Total number of unique words is 1571
    45.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 086
    Total number of words is 4747
    Total number of unique words is 1567
    41.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    62.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 087
    Total number of words is 5022
    Total number of unique words is 1455
    47.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    75.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 088
    Total number of words is 4935
    Total number of unique words is 1427
    46.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 089
    Total number of words is 4966
    Total number of unique words is 1391
    48.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 090
    Total number of words is 4888
    Total number of unique words is 1497
    43.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    69.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 091
    Total number of words is 4903
    Total number of unique words is 1455
    44.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 092
    Total number of words is 5068
    Total number of unique words is 1503
    46.8 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.3 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.2 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 093
    Total number of words is 4993
    Total number of unique words is 1458
    47.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 094
    Total number of words is 4866
    Total number of unique words is 1475
    44.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 095
    Total number of words is 4816
    Total number of unique words is 1440
    45.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 096
    Total number of words is 4894
    Total number of unique words is 1543
    43.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    61.4 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    70.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 097
    Total number of words is 4901
    Total number of unique words is 1463
    46.2 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    63.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    71.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 098
    Total number of words is 4772
    Total number of unique words is 1610
    40.9 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    58.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    65.9 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 099
    Total number of words is 4909
    Total number of unique words is 1451
    47.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.9 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    73.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 100
    Total number of words is 4899
    Total number of unique words is 1480
    47.3 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    67.5 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    76.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 101
    Total number of words is 4939
    Total number of unique words is 1452
    44.6 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    64.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.8 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 102
    Total number of words is 5068
    Total number of unique words is 1442
    46.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    72.7 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 103
    Total number of words is 4987
    Total number of unique words is 1479
    47.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    65.7 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 104
    Total number of words is 5081
    Total number of unique words is 1482
    48.7 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    66.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    74.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 105
    Total number of words is 4841
    Total number of unique words is 1527
    41.4 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    60.2 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    68.4 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 106
    Total number of words is 4628
    Total number of unique words is 1410
    48.0 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.8 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    78.1 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 107
    Total number of words is 4543
    Total number of unique words is 1447
    47.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    68.1 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    77.3 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.
  • Essays of Michel de Montaigne - 108
    Total number of words is 2607
    Total number of unique words is 901
    56.5 of words are in the 2000 most common words
    75.0 of words are in the 5000 most common words
    82.5 of words are in the 8000 most common words
    Each bar represents the percentage of words per 1000 most common words.