(wûrk), v. t. 
1. To labor or operate upon; to give exertion and effort to; to prepare for use, or to utilize, by labor. “He could have told them of two or three gold mines, and a silver mine, and given the reason why they forbare to work them at that time.” Sir W. Raleigh. 
2. To produce or form by labor; to bring forth by exertion or toil; to accomplish; to originate; to effect; as to work wood or iron into a form desired, or into a utensil; to work cotton or wool into cloth. “Each herb he knew, that works or good or ill.” Harte. 
3. To produce by slow degrees, or as if laboriously; to bring gradually into any state by action or motion. ´Sidelong he works his way.´ Milton. “So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains
Of rushing torrents and descending rains,
Works itself clear, and as it runs, refines,
Till by degrees the floating mirror shines.” Addison. 
4. To influence by acting upon; to prevail upon; to manage; to lead. ´Work your royal father to his ruin.´ Philips. 
5. To form with a needle and thread or yarn; especially, to embroider; as to work muslin. 
6. To set in motion or action; to direct the action of; to keep at work; to govern; to manage; as to work a machine. “Knowledge in building and working ships.” Arbuthnot. “Now, Marcus, thy virtue’s the proof;
Put forth thy utmost strength, work every nerve.” Addison. “The mariners all ’gan work the ropes,
Where they were wont to do.” Coleridge. 
7. To cause to ferment, as liquor. To work a passage (Naut.), to pay for a passage by doing work. — To work double tides (Naut.), to perform the labor of three days in two; — a phrase which alludes to a practice of working by the night tide as well as by the day. — To work in, to insert, introduce, mingle, or interweave by labor or skill. — To work into, to force, urge, or insinuate into; as to work one’s self into favor or confidence. — To work off, to remove gradually, as by labor, or a gradual process; as beer works off impurities in fermenting. — To work out. (a) To effect by labor and exertion. ´Work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.´ Phil. ii. 12. (b) To erase; to efface. [R.] “Tears of joy for your returning spilt,
Work out and expiate our former guilt.” Dryden. (c) To solve, as a problem. (d) To exhaust, as a mine, by working. — To work up. (a) To raise; to excite; to stir up; as to work up the passions to rage. “The sun, that rolls his chariot o’er their heads,
Works up more fire and color in their cheeks.” Addison. (b) To expend in any work, as materials; as they have worked up all the stock. (c) (Naut.) To make over or into something else, as yarns drawn from old rigging, made into spun yarn, foxes, sennit, and the like; also to keep constantly at work upon needless matters, as a crew in order to punish them. R. H. Dana, Jr.

v. t. [imp. & p. p. Wound (wound) (rarely Winded); p. pr. & vb. n. Winding.] [OE. winden, AS. windan; akin to OS. windan, D. & G. winden, OHG. wintan, Icel. & Sw. vinda, Dan. vinde, Goth. windan (in comp.). Cf. Wander, Wend.] 
1. To turn completely, or with repeated turns; especially, to turn about something fixed; to cause to form convolutions about anything; to coil; to twine; to twist; to wreathe; as to wind thread on a spool or into a ball. “Whether to wind
The woodbine round this arbor.” Milton. 
2. To entwist; to infold; to encircle. “Sleep, and I will wind thee in arms.” Shak. 
3. To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one’s pleasure; to vary or alter or will; to regulate; to govern. ´To turn and wind a fiery Pegasus.´ Shak. “In his terms so he would him wind.” Chaucer. “Gifts blind the wise, and bribes do please
And wind all other witnesses.” Herrick. “Were our legislature vested in the prince, he might wind and turn our constitution at his pleasure.” Addison. 
4. To introduce by insinuation; to insinuate. “You have contrived … to wind
Yourself into a power tyrannical.” Shak. “Little arts and dexterities they have to wind in such things into discourse.” Gov. of Tongue. 
5. To cover or surround with something coiled about; as to wind a rope with twine. To wind off, to unwind; to uncoil. — To wind out, to extricate. [Obs.] Clarendon. — To wind up. (a) To coil into a ball or small compass, as a skein of thread; to coil completely. (b) To bring to a conclusion or settlement; as to wind up one’s affairs; to wind up an argument. (c) To put in a state of renewed or continued motion, as a clock, a watch, etc., by winding the spring, or that which carries the weight; hence, to prepare for continued movement or action; to put in order anew. ´Fate seemed to wind him up for fourscore years.´ Dryden. ´Thus they wound up his temper to a pitch.´ Atterbury. (d) To tighten (the strings) of a musical instrument, so as to tune it. ´Wind up the slackened strings of thy lute.´ Waller.

conj. In case; if; — used to introduce the first or two or more alternative clauses, the other or others being connected by or, or by or whether. When the second of two alternatives is the simple negative of the first it is sometimes only indicated by the particle not or no after the correlative, and sometimes it is omitted entirely as being distinctly implied in the whether of the first. “And now who knows
But you, Lorenzo, whether I am yours?” Shak. “You have said; but whether wisely or no, let the forest judge.” Shak. “For whether we live, we live unto the Lord; and whether we die, we die unto the Lord; whether we live therefore, or die, we are the Lord’s.” Rom. xiv. 8. “But whether thus these things, or whether not;
Whether the sun, predominant in heaven,
Rise on the earth, or earth rise on the sun, …
Solicit not thy thoughts with matters hid.” Milton. Whether or no, in either case; in any case; as I will go whether or no. — Whether that, whether. Shak.

conj. 
1. Considering that; it being the case that; since; — used to introduce a preamble which is the basis of declarations, affirmations, commands, requests, or like, that follow. 
2. When in fact; while on the contrary; the case being in truth that; although; — implying opposition to something that precedes; or implying recognition of facts, sometimes followed by a different statement, and sometimes by inferences or something consequent. “Are not those found to be the greatest zealots who are most notoriously ignorant? whereas true zeal should always begin with true knowledge.” Sprat.

adv. [OE. when, whan, whenne, whanne, AS. hwaenne, hwanne, hwonne; akin to OS. hwan, OD. wan, OHG. wanne, G. wann when, wenn if, when, Goth. hwan when, and to E. who. . See Who.] 
1. At what time; — used interrogatively. “When shall these things be?” Matt. xxiv. 3. See the Note under What, pron., 1. 
2. At what time; at, during, or after the time that; at or just after, the moment that; — used relatively. “Kings may
Take their advantage when and how they list.” Daniel. “Book lore ne’er served, when trial came,
Nor gifts, when faith was dead.” J. H. Newman. 
3. While; whereas; although; — used in the manner of a conjunction to introduce a dependent adverbial sentence or clause, having a causal, conditional, or adversative relation to the principal proposition; as he chose to turn highwayman when he might have continued an honest man; he removed the tree when it was the best in the grounds. 
4. Which time; then; — used elliptically as a noun. “I was adopted heir by his consent;
Since when, his oath is broke.” Shak. When was formerly used as an exclamation of surprise or impatience, like what! “Come hither; mend my ruff:
Here, when! thou art such a tedious lady!” J. Webster. When as, When that, at the time that; when. [Obs.] “When as sacred light began to dawn.” Milton. “When that mine eye is famished for a look.” Shak.

v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep; to wake; to awake; to awaken. ´Go, waken Eve.´ Milton. 
2. To excite; to rouse; to move to action; to awaken. “Then Homer’s and Tyrtaeus’ martial muse
Wakened the world.” Roscommon. “Venus now wakes, and wakens love.” Milton. “They introduce
Their sacred song, and waken raptures high.” Milton.

v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ushered p. pr. & vb. n. Ushering.] To introduce or escort, as an usher, forerunner, or harbinger; to forerun; — sometimes followed by in or forth; as to usher in a stranger; to usher forth the guests; to usher a visitor into the room. “The stars that usher evening rose.” Milton. “The Examiner was ushered into the world by a letter, setting forth the great genius of the author.” Addison.

n. [OE. ussher, uschere, OF. ussier, uisser, oissier, hussier, huissier, fr. L. ostiarius a doorkeeper, fr. ostium a door, entrance, fr. os mouth. See Oral, and cf. Ostiary.] 
1. An officer or servant who has the care of the door of a court, hall, chamber, or the like; hence, an officer whose business it is to introduce strangers, or to walk before a person of rank. also one who escorts persons to seats in a church, theater, etc. ´The ushers and the squires.´ Chaucer. “These are the ushers of Marcius.” Shak. There are various officers of this kind attached to the royal household in England, including the gentleman usher of the black rod, who attends in the House of Peers during the sessions of Parliament, and twelve or more gentlemen ushers. See Black rod. 
2. An under teacher, or assistant master, in a school.

pron., a., conj., & adv. [AS. ðaet, neuter nom. & acc. sing. of the article (originally a demonstrative pronoun). The nom. masc. se, and the nom. fem. seó are from a different root. AS. ðaet is akin to D. dat, G. das, OHG. daz, Sw. & Dan. det, Icel. þat (masc. sa, fem. so), Goth. þata (masc. sa, fem. so), Gr. (masc. , fem. ), Skr. tat (for tad, masc. sas, fem. sa); cf. L. istud that. rad.184. Cf. The, Their, They, Them, This, Than, Since.] 
1. As a demonstrative pronoun (pl. Those), that usually points out, or refers to, a person or thing previously mentioned, or supposed to be understood. That, as a demonstrative, may precede the noun to which it refers; as that which he has said is true; those in the basket are good apples. “The early fame of Gratian was equal to that of the most celebrated princes.” Gibbon. That may refer to an entire sentence or paragraph, and not merely to a word. It usually follows, but sometimes precedes, the sentence referred to. “That be far from thee, to do after this manner, to slay the righteous with the wicked.” Gen. xviii. 25. “And when Moses heard that, he was content.” Lev. x. 20. “I will know your business, Harry, that I will.” Shak. That is often used in opposition to this, or by way of distinction, and in such cases this, like the Latin hic and French ceci, generally refers to that which is nearer, and that, like Latin ille and French cela, to that which is more remote. When they refer to foreign words or phrases, this generally refers to the latter, and that to the former. “Two principles in human nature reign;
Self-love, to urge, and Reason, to restrain;
Nor this a good, nor that a bad we call.” Pope. “If the Lord will, we shall live, and do this or that.” James iv. 16. 
2. As an adjective, that has the same demonstrative force as the pronoun, but is followed by a noun. “It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment, than for that city.” Matt. x. 15. “The woman was made whole from that hour.” Matt. ix. 22. That was formerly sometimes used with the force of the article the, especially in the phrases that one, that other, which were subsequently corrupted into th’tone, th’tother (now written t’other). “Upon a day out riden knightes two …
That one of them came home, that other not.” Chaucer. 
3. As a relative pronoun, that is equivalent to who or which, serving to point out, and make definite, a person or thing spoken of, or alluded to, before, and may be either singular or plural. “He that reproveth a scorner getteth to himself shame.” Prov. ix. 7. “A judgment that is equal and impartial must incline to the greater probabilities.” Bp. Wilkins. If the relative clause simply conveys an additional idea, and is not properly explanatory or restrictive, who or which (rarely that) is employed; as the king that (or who) rules well is generally popular; Victoria, who (not that) rules well, enjoys the confidence of her subjects. Ambiguity may in some cases be avoided in the use of that (which is restrictive) instead of who or which, likely to be understood in a coördinating sense. Bain. That was formerly used for that which, as what is now; but such use is now archaic. “We speak that we do know, and testify that we have seen.” John iii. 11. “That I have done it is thyself to wite [blame].” Chaucer. That, as a relative pronoun, cannot be governed by a preposition preceding it, but may be governed by one at the end of the sentence which it commences. “The ship that somebody was sailing in.” Sir W. Scott. In Old English, that was often used with the demonstratives he, his, him, etc., and the two together had the force of a relative pronoun; thus, that he = who; that his = whose; that him = whom. “I saw to-day a corpse yborn to church
That now on Monday last I saw him wirche [work].” Chaucer. Formerly, that was used, where we now commonly use which, as a relative pronoun with the demonstrative pronoun that as its antecedent. “That that dieth, let it die; and that that is to cut off, let it be cut off.” Zech. xi. 9. 
4. As a conjunction, that retains much of its force as a demonstrative pronoun. It is used, specifically: — (a) To introduce a clause employed as the object of the preceding verb, or as the subject or predicate nominative of a verb. “She tells them ’t is a causeless fantasy,
And childish error, that they are afraid.” Shak. “I have shewed before, that a mere possibility to the contrary, can by no means hinder a thing from being highly credible.” Bp. Wilkins. (b) To introduce, a reason or cause; — equivalent to for that, in that, for the reason that, because. “He does hear me;
And that he does, I weep.” Shak. (c) To introduce a purpose; — usually followed by may, or might, and frequently preceded by so, in order, to the end, etc. “These things I say, that ye might be saved.” John v. 34. “To the end that he may prolong his days.” Deut. xvii. 20. (d) To introduce a consequence, result, or effect; — usually preceded by so or such, sometimes by that. “The birds their notes renew, and bleating herds
Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings.” Milton. “He gazed so long
That both his eyes were dazzled.” Tennyson. (e) To introduce a clause denoting time; — equivalent to in which time, at which time, when. “So wept Duessa until eventide,
That shining lamps in Jove’s high course were lit.” Spenser. “Is not this the day
That Hermia should give answer of her choice?” Shak. (f) In an elliptical sentence to introduce a dependent sentence expressing a wish, or a cause of surprise, indignation, or the like. “Ha, cousin Silence, that thou hadst seen that that this knight and I have seen!” Shak. “O God, that right should thus overcome might!” Shak. That was formerly added to other conjunctions or to adverbs to make them emphatic. “To try if that our own be ours or no.” Shak. That is sometimes used to connect a clause with a preceding conjunction on which it depends. “When he had carried Rome and that we looked
For no less spoil than glory.” Shak. 
5. As adverb: To such a degree; so; as he was that frightened he could say nothing. [Archaic or in illiteral use.] All that, everything of that kind; all that sort. “With singing, laughing, ogling, and all that.” Pope. “The rank is but the guinea’s stamp,
The man’s the gowd [gold] for a’that.” Burns. — For that. See under For, prep. — In that. See under In, prep.

n. [Gr. far + - gram.] A message sent by telegraph; a telegraphic dispatch. ´A friend desires us to give notice that he will ask leave, at some convenient time, to introduce a new word into the vocabulary. It is telegram, instead of telegraphic dispatch, or telegraphic communication.´ Albany [N. Y.] Evening Journal (April 6, 1852).